IaaS, allows organizations to provision and manage IT resources like virtual servers, storage, networking, and load balancers from a cloud provider, without needing to purchase and maintain physical hardware., SaaS, delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription or pay-as-you-go basis, eliminating the need for businesses to purchase and install software locally., PaaS, provides a development environment that includes infrastructure like servers and storage (similar to IaaS) but also offers tools for building, testing, and deploying applications., DaaS, is a cloud computing solution that delivers virtual desktops to end-users over the internet, allowing them to access their desktop environment and applications from any device, anywhere., High Availability (Cloud Benefit), Minimal downtime, with services like "Five Nines" (99.999%) availability, equating to only 5 minutes and 15 seconds of annual downtime., Scalability (Cloud Benefit), Costs involved in supplying the service to more users are linear., Rapid Elasticity (Coud Benefit), The ability to handle real-time demand changes without loss of service or performance. Systems can also reduce costs when demand is low., Client-side virtualization, refers to solutions designed to run on standard desktops or workstations, where each user interacts directly with the virtualization host., Sandboxing, Create an isolated environment to analyze malware (viruses, worms, Trojans). Containing malware within the guest OS prevents it from infecting the researcher's computer or network., Server-side virtualization, involves deploying a server role as a virtual machine (VM)., Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), A virtualization implementation that separates the personal computing environment from a user's physical computer., Application virtualization, A software delivery model where the code runs on a server and is streamed to a client., Container virtualization, eliminates the need for a hypervisor by isolating resources at the OS level., Containerization, An operating system virtualization deployment containing everything required to run a service, application, or microservice., Cloud Computing, provides on-demand resources—such as server instances, file storage, databases, or applications—over a network, typically the Internet..

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