adaptive radiation, when a large number of species form to occupy different ecological niches from a common ancestor, allopatric, formation of a new species due to a geographical barrier leading to no gene flow, analogous, structures which have the same function but come from a different origin, not a common ancestor, cline , gradual variation in a species over a geographical range, coevolution, a reciporical relationship where species influence the evolution of each other, convergent, different species living in similar environments look similar due to the same selection pressure acting on them. No common ancestors, divergent, species branching off to make new species, new species have a common ancestor, endemic, only found naturally in a certain area/country, evolution, gradual process by which all present day life was formed, genetic drift, random changes in a gene pool/allele frequencies due to chance events, geographic barrier, physical barrier such as a sea, mountain that prevents gene flow, gradualism, slow changes between populations, homologous, structures that have the same origin (come from a common ancestor) but have a different function, hybrid, individual formed from two different species, isolating mechanism, something that prevents interbreeding, instant speciation, formation of a new species over one generation due to polyploidy. New species can't breed with original species, polyploidy, cells having more than 2n sets of chromosomes, ring species, two distinct species that are connected by intermediates, selection pressure, environmental factors that favour certain individuals, speciation, formation of a new species, sympatric, type of speciation that occurs in the same area as the parent group due to different niches, natural, type of selection where the best suited individuals, survive, reproduce and pass on favourable alleles, directional, type of selection that favours either of the extreme phenotype, disruptive, type of selection that favours both the extreme phenotype against the middle phenotype, stabilising, type of selection that favours the middle phenotype.

Speciation

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