Species, A population of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing viable fertile offspring, Hybrid, Offspring from two different species breeding together, Population, A group of organisms from the same species living together in the same habitat, Gene Flow, Migration of alleles between two different populations/gene pools, Reproductive Isolation Mechanism, Any mechanism that stops gene flow between subpopulations, Prezygotic Barrier, A reproductive isolation mechanism that occurs before fertilization, Postzygotic Barrier, A reproductive isolation mechanism that occurs after fertilization, Physical Isolation, Geographical barriers that stop gene flow eg. mountains, Behavioural Isolation, Mating/courtship rituals that stop gene flow eg. different pheromones, Temporal Isolation, Different times of activity/mating that stop gene flow eg. flowering in different seasons, Mechanical Isolation, Incompatible sexual organs eg. penis shape in birds, Gamete Incompatibility, When a sperm cannot enter an egg so there is a barrier to fertilization, Zygote, A fertilized egg cell, Fertilization, When a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to create a zygote, F1 generation, The first generation below parents, F2 generation, The second generation below parents, Hybrid Inviability, When two species produce an offspring but it dies before birth/hatching/sexual maturity, Hybrid Sterility, When two species produce an offspring but it is sterile, Hybrid Breakdown, When a species produces an offspring and it is fertile but the next generation after is sterile, Deme, Two subpopulations that occupy neighboring habitats still have a small amount of gene flow between them, Cline, A series of subpopulations that live in adjacent habitats that can interbreed only with their immediate neighbor , Ring Species, A circular cline where the two end subpopulations cannot interbreed but adjacent subpopulations can, Allopatric Speciation, When speciation occurs due to a physical barrier between subpopulations, Sympatric Speciation, When speciation occurs without a physical barrier between subpopulations.

Speciation

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