1) 1. Which of the following descriptions is accurate?  a)  A neuron has a single dendrite, which sends information b)  A neuron has a single axon, which sends information c)  A neuron has many axons, which receive information d)  A neuron has many dendrites, which send information 2) 2. The phagocytic cells in the CNS are:? a)  astrocytes b)  microglia c)  oligodendrocytes d)  ependymal cells 3) 3. The _____cells provide a means of producing myelin? a)  astrocyte b)  microglia c)  ependymal d)  oligodendrocyte 4) 4. Which of the following terms describes an accumulation of nerve cell bodies in the PNS? a)  nucleus b)  ganglion c)  gray matter d)  peripheral nerve 5) 5. The resting potential of a neuron is :? a)  +30 mv b)  0 mv c)  -70 mv d)  -90 mv 6) 6. The minimal stimulus needed to cause a neuron to transmit an impulse is called the:? a)  action potential b)  resting potential c)  threshold d)  refractory period 7) 7. Saltatory conduction occurs when an impulse jumps from:? a)  axon to dendrite b)  node to node c)  dendrite to axon d)  node of Ranvier to axon 8) 8. A change in a dendrite which lessens the probability of a conduction is:? a)  Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentia b)  Inhibitatory Post-Synaptic Potential c)  threshold potential d)  action potential 9) 9. Which of the following does NOT belong with the rest? a)  summation b)  facilitation c)  divergence d)  convergence 10) 10. Which type of short neuron is found in the retina? a)  bipolar b)  unipolar c)  multipolar d)  tripolar 11) 11. The following belong together EXCEPT which one? a)  efferent b)  multipolar c)  sensory d)  motor 12) 12. The following belong together EXCEPT which one? a)  interneuron b)  intercalated neuron c)  association neuron d)  sensory neuron 13) 13. The PNS is comprised of cranial nerves and:? a)  motor nerves b)  sensory nerves c)  somatic nerves d)  spinal nerves 14) 14. The cells that produce myelin in the PNS are:? a)  oligodendrocytes b)  axons c)  Schwann d)  ependymal 15) 15. Diffusion of which of the following ions into the synaptic knob triggers the release of neurotransmitter?  a)  Na+ b)  Ca2+ c)  Cl– d)  K+ 16) 16. Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? 16. Where are neurotransmitter receptors located?   a)  presynaptic membrane b)  nodes of Ranvier c)  postsynaptic membrane d)  synaptic vesicle membranes 17) 17. A common feature of action potentials is that they:? a)  cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize.  b)  can undergo temporal and spatial summation. c)  are triggered by a depolarization that reaches the threshold. d)  move at the same speed along all axons. 18) 18. What happens when a resting neuron's membrane depolarizes?  a)  There is a net diffusion of Na+ out of the cell. b)  The neuron's membrane voltage becomes more positive c)  The neuron is less likely to generate an action potential. d)  The cell's inside is more negative than the outside. e)  Central nervous system (CNS) 19) 19. The membrane closest to the brain is:? a)  dura mater b)  pia mater c)  arachnoid meninx d)  denticulate ligament 20) 20. An inflammation of the brain coverings is termed:? a)  Encephalitis b)  Meningitis c)  Poliomyelitis d)  Cerebral palsy 21) 21. The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the capillaries of the:? a)  lateral ventricle b)  arachnoid villi c)  choroid plexus d)  dural sinus 22) 22. What is daily amount of CSF in the nervous system at any given time? a)  100 mL b)  140 mL c)  500 mL d)  1000 mL 23) 23. Which of the following is NOT a medullary vital center? a)  blood pressure b)  cardiac c)  vasomotor d)  respiratory 24) 24. What is first component of reflex arch? a)  Motor neuron b)  Sensory neuron c)  Muscle or glance d)  Interneuron 25) 25. What type of speech does Broca's area control? a)  Speech production b)  Speech understanding c)  Speech hearing d)  Speech reasoning 26) 26. Sensory speech area in the brain is called:? a)  Wernicke area b)  Broca area c)  Auditory area d)  Visual area e)  Peripheral nervous system (PNS) 27) 27. An area of skin innervated by sensory nerves is called:? a)  dermatome b)  ventral root c)  dermal receptor d)  dorsal root 28) 28. The following are plexus names EXCEPT:? a)  cervical b)  thoracic c)  lumbar d)  brachiaL 29) 29. Norepinephrine is released from:? a)  all autonomic nerves b)  parasympathetic nerves c)  the vagus nerve d)  sympathetic nerves 30) 30. The following could occur together effectively EXCEPT:? a)  increase heart rate b)  sweating c)  digestion d)  pupil dilation 31) 31. A tract is collection of fibers (axon) in? a)  Central nervous system b)  Peripheral nervous system c)  Autonomic nervous system d)  Somatic nervous system 32) 32. Which of the following carry sensory impulses to the CNS from receptors in muscle or skin?  a)  general somatic efferent fibers b)  general somatic afferent fibers c)  general visceral afferent fibers d)  general visceral efferent fibers 33) 33. Acetylcholine is decomposed by _____almost as fast as it is released.? a)  monoamine oxidase b)  MAO inhibitors c)  norepinephrine d)  acetylcholinesterase 34) 34. The following belong together EXCEPT which one? a)  norepinephrine b)  acetylcholine c)  epinephrine d)  adrenalin 35) 35. The primary neurotransmitter from the parasympathetic system that influences its autonomic targets is?  a)  Acetylcholine.  b)  Adenosine. c)  Norepinephrine. d)  Nopamine. e)  Ch21: Water & Electrolytes 36) 36. Where is most water found in the body? a)  blood plasma b)  whole blood c)  tissue spaces d)  in cells 37) 37. Which of these is relatively high in extracellular fluids?   a)  Potassium b)  Calcium c)  Phosphate d)  Sodium 38) 38. What is the most abundant extracellular cation?   a)  K+ b)  Mg++ c)  Cl- d)  Na+ 39) 39. What is the main force that causes fluid to leave the plasma compartment?   a)  osmosis b)  hydrostatic c)  dialysis d)  filtration 40) 40. What is the greatest regulator of water intake?   a)  kidneys b)  gastrointestinal system c)  adequate diet d)  hypothalamus 41) 41. The greatest amount of body water is lost through: ? a)  sweating b)  defecation c)  urine d)  breathing 42) 42. Excessive vomiting usually results in the phenomenon of :? a)  water intoxication b)  dehydration c)  edema d)  hypoproteinemia 43) 43. Which ion is directly related to calcium homeostasis?  a)  Mg++ b)  K+ c)  PO43- d)  Cl- 44) 44. Which cells are most sensitive to electrolyte changes?   a)  osteoblasts b)  epithelial c)  leukocytes d)  neurons 45) 45. Which is the most abundant intracellular cation?   a)  PO43- b)  HCO3- c)  Cl- d)  K+ 46) 46. What will happen when erythrocytes are placed in a hypotonic solution? a)  will swell  b)  will shrink c)  will change d)  will move 47) 47. What minimum amount of body water loss can the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect? a)  1% b)  5% c)  10% d)  15% 48) 48. Which hormone control regulation of Calcium? a)  Calcitonin & PTH b)  Calcitonin & aldolsteron c)  Aldosteron & PTH d)  Aldosteron & renin 49) 49. The supporting cells that form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system are ? a)  Satellite cells b)  Schwann cells c)  Astrocytes d)  Microglia 50) 50. A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS is called? a)  A tract  b)  A nucleus c)  A nerve d)  A ganglion 51) 51. Which of these neurons are unipolar? a)  Sensory neurons  b)  Somatic motor neurons c)  Neurons in the retina d)  Automatic motor neurons 52) 52. Depolarization of an axon is produced by? a)  Inward diffusion of sodium  b)  Active extrusion of potassium c)  Outward diffusion of potassium d)  Inward active transport of sodium 53) 53. Repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by? a)  Inward diffusion of sodium b)  Active extrusion of potassium c)  Outward diffusion of potassium d)  Inward active transport of sodium 54) 54. Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic potentials? a)  They are all or none in amplitude  b)  They decrease in amplitude with distance c)  They are produced in dendrites and cell bodies d)  They are graded in the amplitude 55) 55. The summation of EPSPs from numerous presynaptic nerve fibers converging onto one postsynaptic neuron is called? a)  Spatial summation b)  Long-term potentiation c)  Temporal summation d)  Synaptic plasticity 56) 56. Which of these statements about ACh receptors is false? a)  Skeletal muscles contain nicotinic ACh receptors b)  The heart contains muscarinic ACh receptors c)  Stimulation of ACh receptors produces tachycardia d)  Autonomic ganglions contains ACh receptors 57) 57. Which of these may be produced by the action of muscarinic receptors in the heart? a)  Tachycardia b)  Bradycardia c)  Broncho-constriction d)  Mydriasis 58) 58. A neurotransmitter, Norepinephrine is released? a)  Sympathethic preganglionic fibers b)  ParaSympathethic preganglionic fibers c)  Sympathethic postganglionic fibers d)  Autonomic preganglionic fibers 59) 59. Which cranial nerves are parasympathetic? a)  CNI, CNIII, CNV, CNIX b)  CNIII, CNV, CNIX, CNX c)  CNIII, CNVII, CNIX, CNX d)  CNV, CNIX, CNX, CNXI 60) 60. Main function of Parasympathetic nervous system is? a)  Fight or Flight b)  Rest and Digest c)  Relax and Flight d)  Digest and Feed

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