What couldn't the first humans do? - Read or write, What do we call the time where humans couldn't read or write? - Prehistory, What did the first humans live as? - Hunters-Gatherers, What are people called who don't stay in one place? - Nomads, Why did Nomads move from place to place? - Because food ran out, By who are cave paintings painted by? - Hunters-Gatherers, Around when did the earth start to warm up? - 10.000 BC, What did people by accident find out when the earth warmed up? - They could grow plants., What does Growing your own food mean? - Not having to gather anymore, When did farming start? - In the fertile crescent (vruchtbare halve maan), What does agriculture mean? - Growing food from seeds and domestication (tam maken van dieren), What does agricultural-urban society mean? - That most people work as farmers but some people specialise in other jobs., What is a pharaoh? - A powerful king of egypt, What are dynasties? - Families that ruled over egypt for a period of time., What did Egyptians believe? - That the pharaoh was a living god, sent to earth to rule., What is a story like Adam and Eve called? - A creation narrative., What are fossils? - Fossils are remains of plants or animals that are preserved in stone., Theory: A polar bear is white because it lives in snow, this process can take thousands of years. How do we call that theory? - Theory of evolution., What is a palaeontologist? - Someone who studies ancient life on the planet., What is a archaeologist? - A person who digs up remains to investigate human activity in the past., Theory: Around 250.000 years ago, Homo sapiens evolved in africa. It didnt all happen at once. What do we call that theory? - Out of Africa theory, Where did the first humans live? - In Africa, How long did it take for the first humans to look like the humans today? - 3 million years, What are tools? - Tools are objects held in one hand to accomplish a task, like sharp rock to cut flesh., How many years ago did Homo Sapiens evolve Africa? - 250.000 years ago., How did modern man evolve using the Out of Africa theory? - The modern man evolved in Africa and then migrated to the Middle-East and then to Asia, Europe and the Americas., Where does everything we know from Prehistory come from? - Findings from discovered by archaeologists and palaeontologists., How do we call information about a certain time? - Sources, How did the hunters and gatheres communicate? - By talking and making drawings., How did the hunters kill bulls and horses? - With spears or bows., Why did some woman stay at their house and not go out to gather food? - To cake care of their babies., With how many people did groups from hunter-gatherers live? - 20 to 50 people, What did hunter-gatherers do when there was nothing to eat? - They picked up their tents and few belonging and moved to a different place., Where did farmers live close to in the Middle-East and North Africa? - Close to rivers, Around 3500 BC the landscape of Iraq (Uruk) was different from how it is now. The city was built close to two rivers. How did the Ancient Greeks call this area? - Mesopotamia, What does Mesopotamia mean? - The land between two rivers., Iraq (Uruk) lay between two rivers, what were the names of those two rivers? - the Euphrates and the Tigris., Once in a while the Euphrates and the Tigris overflowed. These rivers didn't only cause destruction. What did they also do? - They transformed the desert into a green land covered with grass and trees., Where did the farmers of Mesopotamia depend on? - the river, Some other years the water level could be too high and it then destroyed the fields and houses so people would drown. What would the Sumerians and the Egyptians do in both situations? - Pray for the gods for a better flood next time., The farmers of Mesapotamia soon found out that they could use the river to produce more food than they could eat. They dug small canals to spread water further inland. What do we call this? - Irrigation, What happened when people used irrigation? - Water could flow to areas that were dry before. In that way they turned it into fertile land., Craftsmen traded their products with farmers. For example: a pair of shoes for grain or a necklace for a cow. What do we call that? - Bartering, Fill in the blanks: Just as today, trading and bartering occured at ........ - Markets, Year after year more craftsmen built their houses near the markets. Because of this the villages grew to become cities. At that moment the society changed. What was the change? - Not everyone worked as a farmer anymore., Some people chose to live and work in the city. The sumerians in mesopotamia were one of the groups to have a specific type of people. What is that specific type of people called? - argricultural-urban society, Uruk was not the only city in Mesopotamia. In years, many cities arose. They waged war against each other, but they mostly worked together. What did these cities adopt? - the same culture., Cities in Mesapotamia had the same language, writing, laws, art and religion. What do we speak about because of this? - civilisation., What did people in each Sumerian Civilisation have? - Every city had its own leader, The egyptians also relied on the flooding of the river and some lived in cities. What was the king of Egyptians called? - A pharaoh, What was a Pharaoh worshipped as? - a god, Who developed writing? - the ancient sumerians, What happened when writing was invented? - The prehistory ended and history begins., What did the Rosetta Stone contain? - the key to solve one of the biggest mysteries in history, What is one of the biggest mysteries of the Rosetta Stone? - the translation of Egyptian writings, The sumerian merchants thought of a clever solution. They tried to keep track of all their agreements by making small drawings of the products they traded. To save time, the writers later changed the symbols into lines. What is this way of writing called? - cuneiform, What did Gilgamesh do to Uruk? - he made Uruk very powerful, How long ago was the story of Gilgamesh written? - 4.000 years ago, The ancient Egyptians were inspired by the Sumerians and developed their own way of writing. What do we call the small drawings they made? - Hieroglyphs, Egyptians wrote on the walls of temples and graves. On what did they also write? - On the papyrus plant, What new profession emerged thanks to the use of hieroglyphs? - the scribe, Some children learned to write at school. When they grew older they were hired by the pharaoh to work for him. What did these young scribes become? - civil servants, What does primary source mean? - Sources that are from the time itself., What does secondary source mean? - Sources that we're made later., What does irrigation mean? - An artificial way to spread water across farmland to make it fertile., What does agricultural surplus mean? - When farmers produce more food then they can eat., What does specialise mean? - When someone becomes very good at one thing., What does craftsman mean? - Someone who makes products with his hands and tools, What does bartering mean? - Exchange goods or service directly for other goods or services., What are markets? - Places where people come to barter their products., What does agricultural-urban society mean? - Society in which the majority of people live as farmers, while the minority live in cities., What does culture mean? - Things people think and do, such as religion, traditions, art, clothes and language., What is civilisation? - A highly developed society., What is the Rosetta Stone? - A tablet which was used to decipher Egyptian writing., What is Cuneiform? - Sumerian way of writing symbols and lines., Who is Gilgamesh? - A legendary king of Uruk, whose adventures are written down in an epic., What are Gieroglyphs? - Egyptuabs from of writing in which drawings are used instead of letters., What is papyrus? - Plant, the stems of which were used to write on., What is Scribe? - Someone who writes as his job., What is a civil servant? - Someone who works for the government., What does antiquity mean? - Time period in history during which people invented writing and the first civilisations arose., What are cave paintings? - Paintings made in caves by prehistoric humans., What is Prehistory? - Time in history before people could read and write., What are sources? - Remains from the past., What is hunting-gathering? - A way of living where people hunt animals and gather food like plants and berries to survive., What are nomads? - People who do not live in a fixed place., What are fossils? - Remains of plants or animals that are preserved in stone,, What are scientists? - People who study a science for instance history or biology., What is a creation narrative? - A story that says God created man and the rest of the world., What is the theory of evolution? - Theory written by Charles Darwin to explain the way species change., What is a tool? - An object held in one hand to accomplish a task., What is the Out of africa theory? - Theory of beliefs that modern man evolved in Africa and then migrated to other areas in the world.,

TEXTBOOK HISTORY / THAVO / TVWO/ VOLUME 1 / PRACTICE / 1.1 / 1.2 / 2.1 / 2.2

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