hotspot - a plume of hot material that rises through the mantle and can cause volcanoes., Lava - molten rock that has reached the Earth's surface., column - solid cave feature formed when a stalactite and a stalagmite grow together., mantle plume - a column of very hot rock that rises up through the mantle., crust - the rocky outer layer of the Earth's surface; the two types of crust are continental and oceanic., shield - the part of a craton that crops out at the surface, mafic - a type of igneous rock that is made mostly of dense, dark minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene, viscosity - the thickness of a liquid; its resistance to flow., shield volcano - a type of volcano built almost entirely of fluid lava flows, characterized by its large width and relatively low height., cinder cone volcano - a type of volcano built almost entirely of fluid lava flows, characterized by its large width and relatively low height., composite volcano - Composite cones are large volcanoes (many thousands of feet or meters tall) generally composed of lava flows, pyroclastic deposits, and mudflow (lahar) deposits, as well as lava domes,

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