Internal variation, Different ways of expressing the same meaning within a single language., Language variety, Any form of language characterized by semantic features., Idiolect, Every native speaker speaks their own and it differs systematically from other native speakers., Sociolinguistics, Study of the relationship between language varieties and social structure as well as the interrelationships among different language varieties., Dialect, Any variety of language spoken by a group of people that is characterized by systematic differences from other varieties of the same language in terms of structural or lexical features., Accent, Systematic phonological variation., Speech community, A group of people speaking the same dialect., Communicative isolation, Results when a group of speakers forms a coherent speech isolation relatively isolated from speakers outside of that community., Mutual intelligibility, Criterion to distinguish dialects from languages., Issue for mutual intelligibility, Cultural, political, geographical, or historical considerations., Dialect continuum, When, in a large number of geographically contiguous dialects, each dialect is closely related to the next, but the dialects at either end of the scale are mutually intelligible., Speech styles, Systematic variations in speech based on factors such as topic, setting, and addressee., Registers, Described in terms of degrees of formality (formal, informal, casual or careful)., Style shifting, Automatically adjusting from one speech style to another., Jargon, Technical words. A language variety that differs only in lexical items., Slang, It has to do more with stylistic choices in vocabulary. Less formal than equivalent words., Common slang, Everyday language that most people consider just a little too informal for letters of application., In-group slang, More specialized slang of a particular group at a particular time., Standard dialect, Variety used by political leaders, the media, and speakers from higher socioeconomic classes., Nonstandard dialect, Dialects other than the standard dialect., Prescriptive standard, Standard by which people often make judgements of “right” and “wrong”., Hypercorrection, Producing nonstandard forms by way of false analogy., Bidialectal, Having a mastery of two dialects (a standard variety and a nonstandard variety)., Overt prestige, Defines how people should speak in order to gain status in the wider community., Covert prestige, Defines how people should speak in order to be considered members of a particular nonstandard-speaking community., Phonetic variation, Variations in the sounds of utterances across dialects., Phonological variation, Variations in the patterns of sounds across dialects., Morphological Variation, Variation in the distribution of morphemes or the use of different morphemes in two varieties., Syntactic Variation, Variations in the structuring of sentences across dialects., Lexical Variation, Differences in the words people use to mean the same thing or differences in what the same word means or refers to..

Language variation

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