Which of the following operations is NOT supported by sequential access?, read_next(), write_next(), skip forward or backward n records, read(n), Why might an indexed access method (such as ISAM) require an “index of the index”?, To reduce file size, Because the index may be too large to fit entirely in memory, To avoid using direct access, To convert a file into sequential access, Which layer of the file system is responsible for mapping logical blocks to physical blocks on disk?, Logical File System, File-Organization Module, Basic File System, I/O Control, What is the only information about a file that is kept in a human-readable form?, Time, Name, Type, Location, Which file operation is used to change the current position within a file?, Write, Read, Seek, Delete, Why does an OS need to know a file's type?, To manage the file's contents correctly., To determine file creator., To To limit file size., To control access permissions., Which layer in the layered file system is responsible for managing the directory structure, file metadata, and ver, I/O Control, Basic File System, Logical File System, File-Organization Module, Which of the following on-disk structures typically contains volume details such as the total number of blocks, 1, Boot Control Block, Directory Structure, File Control Block (FCB), Volume Control Block, What is a primary advantage of using Contiguous Allocation for file storage on a disk?, It eliminates external fragmentation and the need for compaction., It is flexible as it does not require knowing the file size in advance., It provides the best performance in most cases, as accessing b+1 after block b normally requires no disk, It is highly reliable since a single pointer damage does not affect access to the rest of the file., Which allocation method is described as similar to the paging scheme?, Contiguous Allocation, Linked Allocation, FAT, Indexed Allocation, In Linked Allocation, what does the directory contain for each file?, Pointers to all file blocks, Pointer to the first block only, Pointer to the first and last blocks , A table with all block addresses, Which of the following is a disadvantage of Linked Allocation?, It causes significant external fragmentation, Locating a specific block may require many I/O operations , It requires declaring file size in advance, New blocks cannot be added to the file, ‎‏In UNIX systems, how is a file’s internal structure interpreted by the operating system?, As fixed-length records, ‎‏As variable-length records, ‎‏As a sequence of 8-bit bytes with no interpretation, ‎‏As a formatted document, ‎‏Which access method allows reading or writing any file block without following a specific order?, Direct Access, ‎‏Sequential Access, ‎‏Linear Access, ‎‏Reposition Access.

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