In an effort to work out why this is, cognitive scientists____ that children's incompetence at color-word learning may be directly linked to the way these words are used in English. While word order for color adjectives varies, they are used ____ in pre-nominal position (e.g. "blue cup"); in other words, the adjective comes before the noun it is describing. This is in contrast to post-nominal position (e.g. "The cup is blue") where the adjective comes after the noun. Rather, it may simply come down to the challenge of having to make ____ from color words to the objects they refer to, instead of being able to make predictions from the world of objects to the color words. To illustrate, the word "chair" has a meaning that applies to the somewhat varied set of entities in the world that people use for sitting on. Chairs have features, such as arms and legs and backs, that are combined to some degree in a systematic way; they turn up in a range of chairs of different shapes, sizes, and ages. In the speech that adults direct at children, color adjectives ____ pre-nominally ("blue cup") around 70 percent of the time.

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