transfer payment - a payment of money, usually from the government, for which there are no goods or services exchanged., government spending - refers to money spent by the public sector on the acquisition of goods and provision of services such as education, healthcare, social protection, and defense., taxation - refers to the fees and financial obligations imposed by a government on its residents., the multiplier effect - arises from the phenomenon wherein an augmentation in investment demand inevitably leads to a rise in the demand for consumer goods, and this increase is more pronounced compared to investment., supply-side economics - showing the impact of a change in the tax rate on the total amount of tax revenues to the state budget., crowding out effect - he growth of budget expenditures during recession and the reduction of budget revenues (taxes) leads to a multiplicative growth of aggregate income, which increases the demand for money and raises the interest rate on the money market., fiscal deficit - is the Keynesian cross,

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