tectonic plates - the large, rigid slabs of rock that make up Earth's outer shell (the lithosphere), superposition - a geological principle that states in a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top., continental drift - the theory that the continents were once part of a single supercontinent called Pangaea that broke apart and slowly moved to their current positions. Proposed by Alfred Wegener,, supercontinent - a large landmass formed by most or all of Earth's continental crust coming together. These landmasses, such as the most famous example, Pangaea, divergent boundary - a place where two tectonic plates move away from each other., convergent boundary - where two tectonic plates collide, causing one plate to slide beneath the other (subduction) or for both to buckle and form mountains, transform boundary - a type of plate boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally., subduction - a type of convergent plate boundary where two tectonic plates collide and one plate is forced to slide beneath the other, plunging into the Earth's mantle, ocean basin - a large depression in the Earth's surface, covered by seawater, that contains a major ocean, convection current - a circular movement in a fluid (like air, water, or magma) that transfers heat, caused by differences in temperature and density, earthquake - the shaking of the Earth's ground, caused by a sudden slip on a fault. when stress builds up as tectonic plates grind against each other, and the energy is released in waves that cause the shaking we feel., fault - a crack in the Earth's crust where rocks have moved past each other., magma - molten rock found deep beneath the Earth's surface that can erupt from a volcano, lava - molten rock that erupts onto the Earth's surface from a volcano or a crack in the ground, volcano - an opening in the Earth's crust through which molten rock, steam, and gases escape from beneath the surface, supervolcano - a volcano that can erupt more than 1,000 cubic kilometers of material in a single event, creating a large depression called a caldera.The Yellowstone Caldera is a well-known example of a supervolcano. The Yellowstone Caldera is a well-known example of a supervolcano., hot spot - As the tectonic plate moves over the stationary hotspot, a chain of volcanoes can form, with the oldest becoming inactive as the plate moves away,

Unit 5 Changes in the Geoshpere

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