1) What are pathogens?  a) Organisms or substances that cause disease b) Substances that clean the body c) Harmless mircoorganisms 2) What type of disease can be spread from person to person?  a) Chronic disease b) Genetic disorder c) Infectious disease 3) What is the first line of defence ?  a) Antibiotics and vaccines  b) White blood cells and antigens c) Skin, mucus, and barriers that keep pathogens out 4) What is the second line of defence? a) Immune responses with white blood cells that attack pathogens b) Hair and nails c) Digestive enzymes  5) What are antigens? a) Stop pathogens b) Produce antibodies c) Substances that triggers an immune response  6) What do Antibodies do? a) Make energy for cells b) Bind to antigens and mark them for destruction c) Break food down 7) What are the two types of immune response? a) Innate and acquired b) Passive and active c) Primary and secondary 8) What is active immunity? a) Long lasting protection after infection or vaccination b) Short term protection c) Immunity passed from mother to child 9) What is the role of helper T cells? a) Produce antibodies directly b) Find antigens and signal B cells to produce antibodies c) Destroy pathogens 10) What cells fight infections in the body? a) Red blood cells b) Infected cells c) White blood cells 11) What is a Vaccine?  a) A type of white blood cell b) A weakened or dead form of a pathogen that stimulates the immune system to make antibodies c) A antibiotic that kills bacteria 12) What do Antibodies do? a) They bind antigens to help destroy pathogens b) They bind to proteins that destroy cells c) They bind to red blood cells to help immunity 13) What do helper T cells do? a) Activate B cells and killer T cells  b) Attack bacteria directly c) Destroy red blood cells 14) What virus causes AIDS? a) Influenza  ( infects the nose, throat and lungs ) b) HIV ( human immunodeficiency ) c) Small Pox ( disease caused by variola virus ) 15) What does HIV attack? a) Memory cells b) Killer T cells c) Helper T cells 16) How is HIV spread? a) Skin to skin contact or coughing  b) Bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk c) Sharing food 17) What is an Allergy?  a) A bacterial infection b) a virus infection c) An overreaction of the immune system to an allergen 18) What is released during an allergic reaction? a) Histamine b) Adrenaline  c) Insulin 19) What Medicine blocks histamine? a) Antibiotic b) Antihistamine c) Steroid 20) How can you care for your immune system? a) Eat junk food, binge watch netflix and skip sleep b) Share drinks with others and avoid vaccines c) Rest, exercise, handwashing, avoid tobacco, and don't share bodily fluids 21) What are Gr 9 students in BC Vaccinated against?  a) Chicken pox and polio b) Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis c) Influenza and covid 22) Pathogens are kept out the respiratory system ( lungs) by ? a) Mucus b) Oils c) Sweat 23) Pathogens on the skin can be killed by? a) Healthy bacteria b) B cells c) Sweat and oils 24) The body's second line of defence is? a) attack pathogens b) help pathogens c) infect blood cells 25) What is Bacteria?  a) A virus that infects dead cells b) Single celled microorganisms, some of which cause disease c) a true nucleus of a the cell

Immune System Study Guide

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