1) What does non-volatile memory mean in terms of data storage? a) Data is lost when the device is turned off; it’s only temporary like RAM. b) It only stores information while an app is open—closing the app erases it. c) It needs constant electricity to keep data; without power, nothing is saved. d) Non-volatile memory means that data stored on the device is not lost when the power is turned off. It is permanent storage. 2) Why is magnetic tape storage not suitable for real-time applications? a) Because it uses random access, it can jump to any file instantly. b) Because it’s volatile storage and loses data when the power is off. c) Because it needs an internet connection to read files in real time. d) Because it uses serial access, so data can only be read in order, making access time very slow. It cannot quickly access specific data. 3) List two common uses of magnetic tape storage. a) Running the operating system and everyday apps that need instant random access. b) Real-time editing/streaming storage for 4K video where files must be accessed immediately. c) Acting as the computer’s temporary main memory (RAM) that clears when power is off. d) Backup storage for large amounts of data and long-term archiving of data. (Also used in batch processing applications like clearing checks or utility bills.) 4) Explain the difference between data transfer rate and data access time in magnetic storage. a) Data transfer rate is the time needed to find a file; data access time is the speed the data is sent. b) Data transfer rate is the drive’s storage capacity; data access time is how long the computer takes to start up. c) They’re the same thing—both describe how much data the drive can store each second. d) Data transfer rate is how fast data can be sent from the device to the computer. Data access time is how long it takes to locate the specific data on the storage media. 5) What is a major disadvantage of magnetic tape when updating stored data? a) Updates can be written directly over any record instantly without rewriting the rest of the tape. b) The main issue is tiny capacity—tapes quickly run out of space when you try to update. c) Magnetic tape is read-only, so updates are impossible. d) Updating requires creating a new master tape with all changes, which is slow and can introduce errors. 6) What causes magnetic tape data to be vulnerable to damage or loss? a) Because it’s volatile storage, turning off the power wipes all data on the tape. b) Bright light or X-ray scanners erase tape data because it’s stored optically like a CD. c) Weak internet/Wi-Fi signals can corrupt files saved on the tape. d) Exposure to strong magnetic fields can erase or corrupt the data stored on magnetic tape. 7) Describe the structure of a hard disk drive and how data is stored on it. a) It uses flash memory chips with no moving parts, storing data as electric charges in cells. b) It records data sequentially on a long magnetic tape that must be wound past a tape head. c) A laser burns pits and lands on a plastic disc to store data, like a CD/DVD. d) A hard disk drive has one or more spinning platters coated with magnetic material. Data is stored magnetically on the platters and read or written by moving read/write heads. 8) What role does the actuator play in a hard disk drive? a) It spins the platters at high speed to keep data flowing. b) It manages the cache and handles SATA/USB data transfer on the drive’s PCB. c) It reads and writes the magnetic bits on the disk surface. d) The actuator moves the read/write heads quickly across the platters to access or store data. 9) Why can hard disk drives be damaged if the computer is not shut down properly? a) Skipping shutdown makes the operating system automatically format the hard drive. b) The monitor powering off first sends a surge that burns the hard disk. c) Dust gets sucked into the sealed drive when power is cut, scratching the platters. d) Because the read/write heads may crash onto the spinning platters causing physical damage, known as a head crash. 10) Give two advantages of fixed hard disk drives. a) They’re easily removable and portable like a USB flash drive. b) They use zero power and produce no heat, perfect for mobile devices. c) They have no moving parts, so they’re silent and never wear out. d) Fast data transfer rate and large storage capacity. (Also, they have fast access times.) 11) What is the main difference between fixed and portable hard disk drives? a) Fixed hard drives are removable USB devices, while portable drives must be installed inside the computer. b) Fixed drives are always slower than portable ones because USB is faster than internal SATA connections. c) Fixed drives are volatile and lose data when power is off; portable drives keep data permanently. d) Fixed hard drives are installed inside a computer, while portable hard drives are external and can be connected or disconnected via USB. 12) Why might portable hard drives have slower data transfer speeds compared to fixed hard drives? a) They require a Wi-Fi connection to transfer files, so speed depends on the internet. b) Files must be copied into the computer’s RAM first, which is slower than disk storage. c) The plastic enclosure blocks “data signals,” slowing reads and writes. d) Because they take time to connect, load, and lock files through external interfaces like USB, which adds delay. 13) How do optical storage devices like CDs and DVDs read and write data? a) By magnetizing tiny regions with a moving read/write head, like a hard disk. b) By printing microscopic ink dots/barcodes on the disc that a camera reads. c) By storing electrical charge in flash memory cells that the controller measures. d) They use laser light to read and write data by detecting changes on the surface of the disc. 14) What does CD-R or DVD-R mean and how is it different from CD-RW or DVD-RW? a) “R” means rewritable and “RW” means read-only, so RW discs can’t be recorded. b) CD-R/DVD-R are factory-pressed and can’t be written at all; only RW discs can be burned (once). c) The only difference is capacity—R discs hold more data than RW, but both are write-once. d) CD-R/DVD-R can be written to only once (write once). CD-RW/DVD-RW can be written and erased many times (read and write many times). 15) Why are CD-R and DVD-R commonly used for home recording of music and films? a) Because they can be erased and rewritten many times for constant updates. b) Because you can edit tracks and scenes directly on the disc during playback. c) Because they have virtually unlimited storage capacity compared to other formats. d) Because once data is written, it becomes read-only, preventing accidental changes and preserving the content. 16) What is a disadvantage of read/write optical discs compared to write-once discs? a) They are more expensive and there is a risk of accidentally overwriting or deleting data. b) They can’t be edited or erased—once written, the data is permanent. c) They require an internet connection to burn or read files. d) They can’t be read by standard CD/DVD drives; only special players can read them. 17) Explain what CD-ROM and DVD-ROM stand for and their main use. a) CD-ROM and DVD-ROM mean read-only memory discs that cannot be written over. They are used to store permanent data like software, games, and music. b) CD-ROM/DVD-ROM are recordable discs; you can write and erase files on them many times for backups. c) They’re magnetic disks used as the computer’s RAM, storing programs temporarily while it’s on. d) “ROM” means write-once, so these discs are for home burning and later editing whenever you want. 18) What is one advantage of CD-ROM and DVD-ROM over hard disk drives? a) They are less expensive and prevent deletion or overwriting of important data. b) They read and write much faster than hard disk drives, so programs load quicker. c) They have much larger storage capacity than hard disks, so one disc can hold full backups. d) They are fully rewritable, letting you edit or delete files on the disc at any time. 19) How does Blu-ray differ from DVDs in terms of storage capacity and video quality? a) Blu-ray has a much larger storage capacity (up to 50 GB dual-layer) and supports high definition video, unlike DVDs which store less and support standard definition. b) Blu-ray holds the same 4.7 GB as a DVD; the only difference is the case color. c) DVDs store more (up to 100 GB) and can play 4K video, while Blu-ray is limited to standard definition. d) There’s no video-quality difference—both are HD; Blu-ray just loads a bit faster. 20) List two advantages and one disadvantage of Blu-ray discs. a) Advantages: Large storage capacity ideal for HD movies and fast data transfer and access speeds. Disadvantage: They are relatively expensive compared to other optical media. b) Advantages: Same capacity as DVDs (4.7 GB) and plays in any standard DVD/CD drive. Disadvantage: Can’t store HD video. c) Advantages: Can be rewritten unlimited times and is completely scratch-proof. Disadvantage: Requires an internet connection to play. d) Advantages: Cheapest optical format and uses the same red laser as DVDs for maximum compatibility. Disadvantage: Easily erased by magnets.

IGCSE ICT Paper 1 - Storage devices and media (Part 1) - Chapter 3 - 9A

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