Arguement - Definition: A set of sentences where reasons (premises) support a conclusion.“I exercised every day, so I got stronger.” , Deductive Arguement - An argument where the conclusion must be true if the reasons are true.“All dogs are animals. Max is a dog. So Max is an animal.” , Inductive Arguement - An argument where the conclusion is likely or probably true.  “The last five buses were late, so this one will probably be late too.”, Bandwagon Fallacy - Saying something is true or good just because many people believe or do it. “Everyone has this phone, so it must be the best.”, Hasty Generalization - Making a big conclusion from too little evidence. “I met one rude tourist, so all tourists must be rude.”, Slippery Slope Fallacy - Claiming that one small step will lead to a chain of bad events. , Appeal to Authority Fallacy - Saying something is true only because an authority or famous person says so.“A celebrity says this diet works, so it must work.” , Cherry Picking Fallacy - Only using evidence that supports your idea while ignoring evidence that doesn’t. “Look at these two good reviews! (ignoring 100 bad reviews)” , Confirmation Bias - Looking for or believing only information that supports your current beliefs. -Searching online only for “Why my opinion is right.”  , Ad Hominem Fallacy - .Attacking the person instead of their argument.  “You’re wrong because you’re stupid.”, Special Pleading Fallacy - Creating an excuse for why your own case is an exception to the rules. “Everyone else must follow the rules, but I shouldn’t because I’m special.” , False Dilemma Fallacy - Saying there are only two choices when more options exist. “You either love school or hate it.” (There are many feelings!) , Status Quo Bias - Preferring things to stay the same just because they are familiar. “I don’t want new textbooks. We’ve always used the old ones.” , Logos - Using logic, facts, numbers, or evidence to persuade. “Studies show that this method improves test scores.”, Ethos - Using trust, character, or authority to persuade. “As your doctor, I recommend this treatment.” , Pathos - Using emotions to persuade.  “Imagine how sad it is for families who have no home.”, Aristotles three modes of persuasion - Aristotle said good persuasion uses 3 tools: logos (logic), ethos (trust) and pathos (emotion),

Critical Thinking- Logic and Reasoning

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