Objective - Information based on observable, measurable facts, not opinions or interpretations., Subjective - Information shaped by personal impressions, emotions, or opinions rather than neutral fact., Purpose - The reason a writer or speaker creates a text (argue, inform, persuade, explain, etc.)., Audience - The intended readers or listeners a text is written for; influences tone, diction, and structure., Context - The situation or background surrounding a text (time, place, events, cultural environment)., Evidence - Facts, examples, data, expert statements, or quotations used to support a claim., Claim / Thesis - The writer’s main argument or position., Reasoning - Explanation of why the evidence supports the claim; connects facts to argument., Counterargument - A viewpoint that opposes the claim; addressed to show complexity. In the mock trial: prosecution vs. defense., Synthesis - Combining information from multiple sources to create a new, unified understanding or argument., Tone - The writer’s or speaker’s attitude toward the subject or audience., Diction - The specific word choices a writer uses to shape tone and meaning., Syntax - The arrangement of words and phrases in sentences; affects emphasis, pacing, and tone., Logos - Appeal to logic through facts, evidence, and reasoning., Pathos - Appeal to emotion., Ethos - Appeal to credibility or trustworthiness; may involve shared values or common ground., Text Structure - The organizational pattern of a text (cause/effect, compare/contrast, sequence, problem/solution). Helps create ethos by acknowledging multiple viewpoints., Cause/Effect - A structure showing how one event causes another., Compare/Contrast - A structure that shows similarities and differences; can build ethos by showing understanding of multiple perspectives., Central Idea - The main message or insight a text communicates., Social Relevance - How a text connects to current societal issues such as fairness, responsibility, or bias., Figurative Language - Language not meant literally; used to create imagery or deeper meaning., Simile - A comparison using “like” or “as.”, Metaphor - A comparison stating one thing is another., Hyperbole - An intentional exaggeration for emphasis or effect., Innuendo - A subtle or indirect suggestion—often negative—implying meaning without stating it directly., Accuracy - Information that is correct, reliable, and verifiable., Bias - A preference or prejudice that influences objectivity., Inference - A conclusion based on evidence and reasoning, not directly stated., Assumption - An idea accepted without proof; shapes interpretation., Subject - The topic a text addresses., Intended Effect - What the writer or speaker wants the audience to think, feel, believe, or do., Language (Craft & Structure) - Tools writers use to create meaning: diction, syntax, tone, figurative language., Multimodal - A text using more than one mode—such as written words, images, audio, interviews, or video—to communicate meaning.,

Jury Duty/Study Guide for QA 2, English II

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