Directing - Giving instructions to employees on how to carry out tasks, Delegating - Giving authority to employees to complete tasks, Autocratic Leadership - Gives orders; little delegation; leads by fear, Democratic Leadership - Discusses with staff; delegation present; employees feel valued, Laissez Faire - Agreed targets - little interference from staff; high trust, Factors affecting leadership style - Speed of decision making; type of employee; employee skill; type of task; culture, Advantages of delegation - Frees up managers time; motivates employees; improves skills, Implications of not delegating (manager) - Overworked; low staff morale; less efficiency, Leadership - Ability to influence staff to carry out work/meet objectives of business, Motivation - Factors that drive us to do certain tasks, McGregor Theory X - Managers are controllers, McGregor Theory Y - Managers are facilitators, Implications of Theory X - No trust; high supervision; little innovation; no delegation; money as motivator, Implications of Theory Y - Low staff turnover; delegation; manager free time; higher productivity, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Start at bottom, as one need met - motivated by next need, Physiological Needs - Basic survival needs, Safety Needs - Need to feel safe, secure , Social Needs - Need to feel wanted, friendships, Esteem Needs - Need for recognition, status, Self Actualisation Needs - Need to be self fulfilled, Limitations of Maslow - Can have different needs / at different times / culture can dictate needs, Communications - Transfer of information - sender to receiver - through a medium, Consider for effective communication - Language; timing; confidentiality; duration; feedback, record, Barriers to effective communication - Noise; language; lack of clarity; timing; wrong medium; relationships, Result of ineffective communication - Unresolved problems; decisions not made; no conflict resolution; business objectives not known, Choosing a method of communication - Cost, confidentiality; record; urgency; legal requirement,

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