Define (gas exchange): Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, or physical quantity, Gas exchange is the process of oxygen entering the blood and carbon dioxide leaving the blood at the alveoli., Describe (the structure of the alveoli): Give a detailed account of what you see or observe., Alveoli are small, round air sacs with thin walls, surrounded by capillaries, that increase the surface area for gas exchange., Explain (why alveoli are covered in capillaries): Give reasons or causes for something, Alveoli are covered in capillaries so oxygen can quickly diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide can diffuse out, because the thin walls reduce the distance for diffusion., Compare (inhaled air and exhaled air): Give similarities AND differences between two or more things., Inhaled air contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide, while exhaled air contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide. Both contain nitrogen in roughly the same amount., Analyze (the data showing oxygen levels in the blood before and after passing through the lungs.): Break down information into parts to bring out essential elements., The data shows oxygen levels increase from 40 mmHg to 100 mmHg after the lungs, while carbon dioxide decreases from 45 mmHg to 40 mmHg, showing efficient gas exchange at the alveoli., Evaluate (the effectiveness of the alveoli structure in gas exchange.): Judge by weighing strengths and limitations., Alveoli are highly effective due to their large surface area, thin walls, and rich capillary network, which maximize diffusion. However, their effectiveness can be reduced by smoking or diseases like emphysema, which damage alveoli walls., Discuss (the impact of smoking on the respiratory system.): Offer a balanced review including arguments, factors, or hypotheses, Smoking damages alveoli, reducing surface area for gas exchange, and causes tar buildup that blocks airways. It can lead to lung cancer and emphysema. However, smoking cessation can reduce these risks over time.,

Biology Command Terms Matching Activity (MYP4)

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