Attribution, is the process of explaining the causes of behaviour or events by assigning reasons for why they occurred., Internal attribution occurs when behaviour is explained by factors within the person, such as their personality, attitudes, abilities, effort, or motivation., Example: A student receives a high mark because they studied hard., External attribution occurs when behaviour is explained by factors outside the person, such as luck, other people, environmental conditions, or situational influences., Example: A student receives a high mark because the test was easy., The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the importance of internal factors and underestimate the influence of external factors when explaining another person's behaviour., Example: Assuming someone is late because they are disorganised, rather than considering that there may have been heavy traffic., Actor-observer bias is the tendency to attribute our own behaviour to external (situational) factors while attributing other people's behaviour to internal (personal) factors., Example: You explain your poor test result by saying the test was difficult, but explain another student's poor result by saying they did not study enough., Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors in order to protect and enhance self-esteem, Example: You credit a good exam result to your intelligence and hard work, but blame a poor result on unfair questions or lack of time.

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