Material Dispersion, Waves of different wavelengths travel at slightly different speeds through an optical fibre and reach the end of the fibre at slightly different times , Modal Dispersion, Waves enter an optical fibre at slil;ghtly different angles, meaning the distance each beam has to travel is slightly different., Cladding, A protective layer on an optical fibre to improve the tensile strength of the fibre, prevent scratching and to prevent signal transfer between adjacent fibres. , Coherence, Waves are coherent if they have the same wavelength and frequency, and a fixed phase difference., Wavelength, The distance between two identical positions on two adjacent waves, Speed, The product of a wave’s frequency and wavelength., Polarisation, The restriction of a wave so that it can only oscillate in a single plane., Phase, A measure of how far through the wave’s cycle a given point on the wave is, Path Difference, A measure of how far ahead a wave is compared to another wave, usually expressed in terms of the wavelength., Phase Difference, The difference in phase between two points on a wave., Diffraction, The spreading of waves as they pass through a gap of a similar magnitude to their wavelength., Fringe Spacing, The distance between two adjacent bright fringes or two adjacent dark fringes., Diffraction Grating, A grating with hundreds of slits per millimeter., Antinode, A position of maximum displacement in a stationary wave., Amplitude, A wave’s maximum displacement from its equilibrium position..

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