Physical properties of nitrogen - Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless, neutral gas. Sparingly soluble in water. It is unreactive., Uses of nitrogen - Used as a coolant, in food packaging as it is unreactive. Used in the manufacture of ammonia for fertilizer., Test for ammonia: method - Dip a glass rod in concentrated hydrochloric acid and expose it to the gas. , Test for ammonia: positive result - White fumes of ammonium chloride will be observed., Composition of Atmospheric Gases - Nitrogen: ~78% Oxygen: ~21% Carbon Dioxide: ~0.03–0.04% Argon, Noble Gases, Water Vapor also present., Preparation of Hydrogen - Prepared by reacting a metal (like zinc) with hydrochloric acid., Properties of Hydrogen - Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless gas that is less dense than air. It is highly flammable., Uses of hydrogen:  - Protential for use as a clean fuel. Used in rockets and weather balloons., Uses of Oxygen - Used in medicine to support breathing. Also used for welding., Preparation of Oxygen - Produced by the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide., Physical Properties of Oxygen  - Colourless and odourless. About the same density as air. Slightly soluble in water., Reactions of oxygen - Combustion and respiration, Metal oxide - Magnesium oxide white. Copper oxide Black. Iron oxide black. All basic., Non metal oxides - CO2 and SO2 colourless gases. All non-metal oxides acidic., Preparation of CO2  - Produced by the reaction of calcium carbonate (e.g., limestone) with hydrochloric acid., Uses of CO2  - Used in fizzy drinks, fire extinguishers, dry ice , Reaction of CO2 with Water - Dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is a weak acid., Reaction of CO2 with Calcium Hydroxide (Limewater) - Carbon dioxide turns limewater milky due to the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO3).,

CCEA C2 Gas chemistry

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