The thing the writer focuses your attention on. This could be character, setting or something else., Focus, A change in focus, tone or setting., Shift, When a word, image or idea is repeated., Repetition, When the story suddenly shifts back in time to earlier events., Flashback, The point of view from which the story is told., Narrative perspective, A repeated symbol., Motif, The way a sentence is put together: this could include length, word order or other features, such as lists., Sentence structure, Hints about things that might happen later in the story., Foreshadowing, Speech., Dialogue, When the writer doesn’t give you all the information about characters, settings, or events., Withheld information, A metaphor which is explored over several lines, or returned to later in a piece of writing., Extended Metaphor, Placing very different words, characters or ideas near each other., Contrast.

Structural Techniques

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