Linguistic types ― Account for the author’s threefold classification (three dimensions or axes):, Where would you place CA? In which of the above-mentioned axes?, Even though CA encompasses both processes of comparison and contrast, which one is CA most interested in?, What is interlanguage study? Explain figure 1., What is the relationship among CA, translation studies and error analysis?, How does CA relate to bilingualism?, What are the 4 steps involved in CA?, According to Ferguson, what is the primary benefit of CA?, Why do Lee and Wardhaugh question the predictive power of CA?, What is the main argument of this paper regarding CA?, How does the diagram in F1 represent the process of CA?, What factors could influence the difficulty of learning a second language that are not covered by CA?, Can CA effectively apply to languages with vastly different structures (i.e. English and Mandarin)? Why? Why not?, Which role does error analysis fulfill within CA studies? What do we learn through the analysis of students’ mistakes?, What difficulties would an experienced translator have when attempting to translate the sentence:, “His wife wants him to pay her grandfather a visit in the old people’s home”?, According to the author, which can be another reason for students to produce a plural form of adjectives by adding the -s morpheme?, What does the author say about L1 influence in choosing verb tenses? Provide examples., How important are cultural aspects when choosing a lexical item? Provide examples illustrating L1 connotations., Provide a suitable definition for transfer. Mention some possible causes of negative transfer., Mention the definitions of words provided in this chapter. Choose the one you believe to be the most comprehensive. Account for your choice., Which three aspects need to be taken into account when analyzing lexis?, How can lexical items be classified?, What does Lado mean by the Native Language Factor?, Which difficulty patterns may arise when comparing and contrasting both languages?, What is a grammatical structure?, Which 3 important features should be taken into account when describing a grammatical unit?, Mention and assess all the devices of grammatical structures (word order, inflection, function words, stress, etc.)., Mention some difficulties likely to arise when comparing/contrasting two grammatical systems., Why is grammar harder to survey than phonology? What are the 5 types of grammar discussed in the text?, What is prescriptive grammar?, What is the limitation of prescriptive grammar for beginners?, What does signals grammar focus on?, Give an example of how word order changes meaning in English., How does Spanish use word order to signal meaning?, What are function words?, What are affixations?, What is slot-and-substitution grammar? What are its limitations?, What is finite-state grammar? Why is it limited in teaching?, What is Immediate Constituent Analysis? How is phrase structure shown in Immediate Constituent Analysis?, Explain textual translation equivalence and formal correspondence in your own words., Why does Catford define formal correspondence as “approximate”?, Define nil equivalence and zero equivalence and provide examples., What is commutation? What role does it play in translation studies?, How can culture be defined? How is it acquired?, How many factors do units of patterned behaviour present?, Mention some difficulty patterns that may arise when comparing/contrasting two cultures., Which steps would be followed to carry out a structural description of two cultures?, Expand on the emic/etic distinction developed by Kenneth Pike. How does it relate to translation studies?, Explain Saussure, Chomsky, Krashen, behaviourism and negative transfer

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