What are the 3 states of matter? - Solid, liquid and gas, What is all matter made up of? - Particles, Which state(s) of matter has particles in a regular arrangement? - Solid, Which state(s) of matter has particles in a random arrangement? - Liquid AND gas, Which state(s) of matter has particles that are touching? - Solid AND liquid, Which state(s) of matter can flow? - Liquid AND gas, Which state(s) of matter can be compressed? - Gas, How are particles held together in a solid? - Forces of attraction, Which state(s) of matter has particles with the most kinetic energy? - Gas, Name the 3 states of matter of H2O. - Ice, water and steam, What is the melting point of pure water? - 0oC, What change(s) of state happens to a substance at its melting point? - Solid melts AND liquid freezes, What happens to the forces of attraction between the particles when a solid melts? - They weaken (but don’t break), What happens to the forces of attraction between the particles when a liquid freezes? - They become stronger, What happens to the temperature of a substance when it melts? - Temperature stays the same, What happens to the kinetic energy of particles when a substance is cooled? - Kinetic energy decreases, Is energy transferred from or to the surroundings when a substance melts? - Energy is transferred from the surroundings, What happens to the mass of a substance when it melts? - Mass stays the same, What happens to the arrangement of particles when a liquid freezes? - Particles become more regular / closer together, Tue or false: every substance has a melting point. - True, What is the boiling point of pure water? - 100oC, What change(s) of state happens to a substance at its boiling point? - Liquid boils AND gas condenses, What happens to the forces of attraction between the particles when a liquid boils? - They break, What happens to the temperature of a substance when it condenses? - Temperature stays the same, What happens to the kinetic energy of particles when a substance boils? - Kinetic energy increases, Is energy transferred from or to the surroundings when a substance condenses? - Energy is transferred to the surroundings, What happens to the mass of a substance when it boils? - Mass stays the same, Ethanol has a mpt of -115°C and a bpt of 78°C. What state is ethanol at room temperature?  - Liquid, Copper has a mpt of 1085°C and a bpt of 2580°C. What state is copper at room temperature?  - Solid, True or false: particles increase in size when a substance boils. - False, What is diffusion? - The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low., What causes the particles to move? - Collisions, What happens to the direction of particle movement when particles collide? - Direction changes., Can the direction of particle movement be predicted? - No, movement is random., What 2 factors affect the rate of diffusion through a gas? - Temperature and particle size., Do bigger particles diffuse more quickly or slowly than smaller particles? - More slowly, Why does increasing the temperature increase the speed of diffusion? - The particles have more kinetic energy so they collide more often., Why does diffusion happen more slowly in liquids than gases? - Particles in liquids are closer together, they don’t have to travel as far before hitting another particle., What name is given to the random movement of particles in liquids and gases? - Brownian motion, Does diffusion only happen across cell membranes? - No, diffusion can happen in any medium in which particles can move., Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas. - Random, Describe the movement of particles in a gas. - Moving quickly IN ALL DIRECTIONS., What will a gas do when placed into a container? - Spread out to fill the container, What causes gas pressure? - Gas particles colliding with the sides of the container., What happens to the gas pressure in a fixed container as you add more particles? - Gas pressure increases., What happens to the gas pressure in a fixed container as you increase the temperature? - Gas pressure increases., What happens to the gas pressure in a fixed container as you open the lid? - Gas pressure increases., Why does increasing the volume of a container decrease gas pressure? - Gas particles spread out / move away from, Why does increasing the number of particles inside a container increase the gas pressure? - More particles results in more collisions., Why does a balloon inflate when you blow air into it? - Gas particles colliding with the rubber of the balloon cause it to stretch., What is density? - How much matter there is in a particular volume, or how close the particles are., How do you calculate density? - Mass divided by volume., Which apparatus is used to measure mass? - Balance, Which apparatus is used to measure volume in a regular solid object (like a cube)? - Ruler, What is density measured in? - g/cm3, What is the density of water? - 1 g/cm3, Why do some objects float in water? - Objects float if they have a lower density than water / density < 1 g/cm3, Why do some objects sink in water? - Objects sink if they have a higher density than water / density > 1 g/cm3, Why do gases have low densities? - Particles in gases are far apart., What happens to the density of a solid when it melts? - Density decreases.,

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