BIOS - A program stored in ROM that starts running as soon as the computer is switched on., Bit - The smallest unit of data that a computer can store or use. It consists of a single binary digit I.e. a 1 or a 0., Bootstrap - A program that locates the operating system on the hard drive and then transfers it from the hard disk into RAM and runs it., Byte - A unit of data that a computer can store or use. It consists of 8 bits., Cache - A small amount of memory closer to the CPU that RAM that is used to store frequently used instructions and data., CPU - The 'brain' of the computer that processes all of the program instructions., Hard drive - A non-volatile magnetic storage device capable of holding vast amounts of data., Instruction - A single 'step' within an algorithm or program., Main Memory - The component of the computer that holds data and instructions that are currently in use. It includes both RAM and ROM., Non-volatile - Contents will be retained even if power is lost., Operating System - A suite of programs that manages and controls the computer., Paging - The process of moving data between RAM and virtual memory., Peripheral - A hardware device that is connected to a computer, such as a monitor, printer, scanner or camera., Primary storage - Where data and instructions are stored so that they can be accessed directly by the CPU., ROM - Non-volatile memory that stores the BIOS, which contains the computer’s boot sequence. It is read-only., RAM - Provides temporary storage for the instructions AND data currently in use by the CPU. It is read-write and volatile., Secondary storage - Used to permanently store programs and files so that they can be accessed at a later time. It is often shortened to 'storage'., Virtual memory - When RAM is full, instructions and data in RAM that are not currently being used are transferred temporarily to part of the computer's secondary storage, freeing up space in RAM for new instructions and data.,
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