1) A group of students is performing an investigation to measure how much liquid water is produced from a 10 L sample of snow. What must occur in order for the students to perform this investigation? a) The sample must be kept in a freezer. b) The temperature of the sample must change. c) The investigation must be performed outside. d) The physical state of the sample must remain the same. 2) Which statement correctly describes the transfer of energy in a food chain in this wetland? a) Energy is transferred from hawks to shrews to grasshoppers to marsh grasses. b) Energy is transferred from marsh grasses to crickets to hawks to frogs. c) Energy is transferred from grasshoppers to crickets to frogs to hawks. d) Energy is transferred from cattails to crickets to shrews to hawks. 3) Some students are feeding a crab in an aquarium. They use tongs to place the food directly in front of the crab. The students look through the side of the aquarium. They notice that the image of the tongs appears to break as the tongs enter the water.   a) Light can be refracted and separated into different colors as it moves from air to a different medium. b) Light is refracted as it moves from one medium to another medium. c) Light travels in a straight line and can be reflected off the surface of water. d) Light is absorbed by water and reflected off glass. 4) Students on a field trip observed a valley and wondered how it was formed. The three major characteristics of the valley were recorded. This valley was most likely formed by — a) a rapid series of earthquakes b) volcanic activity c) a flood with rapidly moving water d) the movement of a glacier 5) This circuit has five light-emitting diode, orb LED, lights. It also has one battery and one switch. LEDs produce light when the switch is in the position shown? a) LEDs 1, 3, and 4 only b) LEDs 1, 2, 3, and 4 c) LEDs 3 and 4 only d) LEDs 1, 3, 4, and 5 6) Based on the students’ observations, which of these tables properly identifies the objects? a) b) c) d) 7) Which of the students gave a correct explanation? a) Student 1 only b) Students 2 and 4 only c) Student 2 only d) Students 1 and 3 only 8) As the mirror changes direction, the light reaching the mirror can reach the ceiling because the light — a) travels in straight lines and reflects from the surface of the mirror b) refracts in the glass of the mirror and is spread out all over the room c) enters the mirror and changes direction when it is refracted by the back of the mirror d) travels through air and does not change its direction in air 9) How many types of organisms in this food web obtain energy directly from producers? a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five 10) Which procedure would most likely allow the bulbs to light? a) Open the switch and then connect the two wires that are attached to the wood block b) Switch the positions of the two wires that are connected to the battery and then open the switch c) Move the switch closer in the circuit to the battery d) Connect the two wires that are attached to the wood block 11) Which type of alternative energy resource is used to supply heat to the house? a) Biofuel b) Hydroelectric c) Geothermal d) Solar 12) Which statement best describes the processes of weathering and erosion? a) Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the breakdown of any type of rock into smaller particles and the carrying away of the loose sediments. b) Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for depositing loose sediments on the bottom of the ocean, forming layers of sediment. c) Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the amount of water in a river that transports sediments to the sea. d) Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the transportation, deposition, and compaction of loose sediments on the seafloor. 13) The dunes in the park are formed by — a) rainstorms b) tornadoes c) earthquakes d) strong winds 14) Which planet is the student studying? a) Saturn b) Uranus c) Jupiter d) Mars 15) Which of these best explains why the sun appears to move across the sky each day? a) b) c) d)

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