In most countries today women, on average, tend to have a longer life expectancy than men. In France, for instance, men can expect to live up to 79, while for women the figure is 85. There is no clear explanation for the difference, although various theories have attempted to explain it. Biologists have claimed that women live longer ____ they bring up children. Others argue that men take more risks, ____ they die earlier. Another explanation for the discrepancy is ____ women have healthier lifestyles (e.g. they smoke and drink less).However, some British scientists now believe that women live longer than men ____ T cells, a vital part of the immune system that protects the body from diseases. The team, from Imperial College think that the difference may be ____ women having better immune systems. Having studied a large group of men and women they found that the body produces fewer T cells as it gets older, ____ the ageing process. Nevertheless, they admit that ____ the complexity of the topic this may not be the only factor, and ____ another research project may be needed.

Discourse Markers of Cause and Effect: Why Do Women Live Longer?

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