alleles - Different forms of the same gene sometimes referred to as variants., archaea - One of the three domains, containing primitive forms of bacteria that can live in many of the extreme environments of the world., asexual reproduction - Involves only one individual and the offspring is identical to the parent. There is no fusion of gametes or mixing of genetic information., carriers - Individuals who are heterozygous for a recessive allele linked to a genetic disorder. Carriers have one healthy allele so are not affected themselves but they can pass on the affected allele to their offspring., classification - The organisation of living organisms into groups according to their similarities., cystic fibrosis - An inherited disorder that affects the lungs, digestive, and reproductive system and is inherited through a recessive allele., domain - The highest level of classification. There are three domains – Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryota., dominant allele - The phenotype will be apparent in the offspring even if only one of the alleles is inherited., evolutionary tree - Models used to explain the evolutionary links between groups of organisms., extinction - The permanent loss of all members of a species from an area or from the world., genetic engineering - The process by which scientists can manipulate and change the genotype of an organism., genotype - The genetic makeup of an individual for a particular characteristic, for example hair or eye colour., heterozygote - Individual with different alleles for a characteristic., homozygote - Individual with two identical alleles for a characteristic., meiosis - Two stage process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number of daughter cells. It is involved in making gametes for sexual reproduction., mutation - A change in the genetic material of an organism., natural selection - The process by which evolution takes place. Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support. Only those that are most suited to their environment will survive to breed and pass on their useful characteristics to their offspring., phenotype - The physical appearance/biochemistry of an individual for a particular characteristic., polydactyly - A dominant inherited disorder that results in babies born with extra fingers and/or toes., Punnett square diagram - A way of modelling a genetic cross and predicting the outcome using probability., recessive - A phenotype that will only show up in the offspring if both of the alleles coding for that characteristic are inherited., selective breeding - Speeds up natural selection by selecting animals or plants for breeding that have a required characteristic., sex chromosomes - Carry the information that determines the sex of an individual., sexual reproduction - Involves the joining (fusion) of male and female gametes producing genetic variation in the offspring., species - The smallest group of clearly identified organisms in Linnaeus’s classification system, often described as a group of organisms that can breed together and produce fertile offspring.,

Inheritance, variation and evolution glossary

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