Energy - -is the ability to do work or cause change., Matter - -is anything that has mass and occupies space., Isothermal - -refers to processes that occur at a constant temperature., Adiabatic - -it occur without heat exchange with the surroundings., Entropy - -is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system., Heat - -is the transfer of thermal energy between objects at different temperatures., Work - -is the transfer of energy through force applied over a distance., Temperature - -is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance., System - -is a set of components that interact and are studied as a whole., Surroundings - -refer to everything outside the system that can exchange energy with it., Internal Energy - -is the total energy stored within a system, including kinetic and potential energies of particles., Enthalpy - -is the total heat content of a system, including internal energy and the energy required to displace its surroundings., Reversible - -process can be reversed without leaving any net change in the system or surroundings., Irreversible - -process cannot be undone without a permanent change to the system or surroundings., Gibb's Free Energy - -it indicates the spontaneity of a process, with negative values suggesting spontaneity., Equilibrium - -is the state where the forward and reverse processes occur at the same rate, with no net change., Carnot Cycle - -is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle that defines the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine., First Law - -cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted., Second Law - -states that entropy in an isolated system always increases over time., Heat Engine - -heat engine converts thermal energy into mechanical work.,

Thermodynamics

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