Executive Functions, The mental skills that help us plan, focus, remember instructions, and manage multiple tasks successfully., Working Memory, Holding and using information in your mind for a short time (e.g., remembering steps in a maths problem)., Inhibition (Impulse Control), Stopping yourself from doing something too quickly or without thinking (e.g., not shouting out in class)., Cognitive Flexibility, Switching your thinking or adapting when plans change (e.g., trying a new way to solve a problem)., Flexibility, Adjusting your plans or ideas when things change (e.g., coping when a lesson is moved to another day)., Planning, Thinking ahead and organising steps to reach a goal (e.g., planning a science project)., Organisation, Keeping track of your things and ideas so you can find and use them easily (e.g., having your homework ready)., Prioritisation, Deciding what is most important and doing that first (e.g., finishing homework before playing games)., Time Management, Using your time wisely to get things done on time (e.g., making sure you finish homework before bed)., Self-Monitoring, Checking your own work and behaviour to make sure you’re on track (e.g., noticing mistakes before handing in homework)., Self-Awareness, Understanding your own strengths, weaknesses, and feelings (e.g., knowing when you need help with a topic)., Task Initiation, Starting a task without putting it off (e.g., beginning your essay instead of procrastinating)., Procrastination, Delaying or putting off tasks you need to do, often because they feel hard or boring (e.g., scrolling on your phone instead of starting homework)., Emotional Control, Managing your feelings so they don’t stop you from doing what you need to do (e.g., staying calm when frustrated)., Goal-Directed Persistence, Sticking with a task until it’s finished, even when it’s hard or boring., Resilience, Bouncing back after setbacks or challenges (e.g., trying again after failing a test)., Reflection, Thinking about what you did and how you could improve next time (e.g., reviewing your revision methods after an exam)., Metacognition, Thinking about your own thinking—being aware of how you learn and solve problems (e.g., asking yourself “What’s the best way for me to remember this?”)..

Executive Functions

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