1) The descriptive method in lexicology aims to: a) Prescribe how words should be used b) Describe the vocabulary as it is used c) Compare words in different languages d) Study etymology 2) Which of the following describes the place of articulation of /t/? a) Bilabial b) Palatal c) Velar d) Alveolar 3) Which of the following is a voiced dental fricative? a) /θ/ b) /ð/ c) /s/ d) /ʃ/ 4) In English, the consonants /t, d/ are classified as: a) Fricatives b) Stops c) Affricates d) Nasals 5) Which dimension of phonemes is concerned with whether the vocal cords vibrate? a) Place of articulation b) Manner of articulation c) Voicing d) Stress 6) Which is an example of length distinction in vowels in English? a) /ɪ/ vs /iː/ b) /p/ vs /b/ c) /s/ vs /ʃ/ d) /t/ vs /d/ 7) Which of the following vowels is tense and long? a) /ɪ/ b) /iː/ c) /æ/ d) /ʊ/ 8) Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop? a) /b/ b) /p/ c) /m/ d) /f/ 9) Which of the following is a voiceless alveolar fricative? a) /s/ b) /z/ c) /ʃ/ d) /ʒ/ 10) The consonant /t/ is a: a) Voiceless bilabial stop b) Voiced alveolar stop c) Voiceless alveolar stop d) Voiced bilabial stop 11) Which English consonant is palatal? a) /ʃ/ b) /t/ c) /k/ d) /m/ 12) Which consonant is a voiceless postalveolar affricate? a) /ʒ/ b) /dʒ/ c) /ʃ/ d) /tʃ/ 13) Which of the following is a voiced palato-alveolar fricative? a) /ʃ/ b) /ʒ/ c) /s/ d) /z/ 14) Which consonant is palatal approximant? a) /j/ b) /r/ c) /l/ d) /w/ 15) The consonants /dʒ/ as in “judge” and /tʃ/ as in “church” differ in: a) Place of articulation b) Voicing c) Manner of articulation d) Nasality 16) The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words is called: a) Alliteration b) Assonance c) Consonance d) Onomatopoeia 17) Words that imitate natural sounds, like buzz or sizzle, are examples of: a) Onomatopoeia b) Assonance c) Alliteration d) Consonance 18) Which of the following is primarily a phonetic stylistic device? a) Metaphor b) Alliteration c) Hyperbole d) Irony 19) A rhyme occurs when: a) Consonants repeat at the start of words b) Vowel sounds repeat in stressed syllables c) Words have identical or similar final sounds d) Words imitate natural sounds 20) In the line “The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew”, the stylistic device used is: a) Assonance b) Consonance c) Alliteration d) Onomatopoeia 21) Which of the following is NOT a phonetic stylistic device? a) Alliteration b) Assonance c) Consonance d) Hyperbole 22) Repetition of initial consonants like in “Peter Piper picked a peck” is: a) Assonance b) Consonance c) Alliteration d) Onomatopoeia 23) The use of sound patterns to enhance imagery and mood in poetry and prose is called: a) Irony b) Metaphor c) Hyperbole d) Phonetic stylistic devices 24) Which of the following is NOT a phonetic stylistic device? a) Alliteration b) Assonance c) Consonance d) Metaphor 25) The line “Hear the mellow wedding bells” is an example of: a) Assonance b) Consonance c) Alliteration d) Onomatopoeia 26) The line “The moaning and groaning of the sea” is an example of: a) Alliteration b) Onomatopoeia c) Assonance d) Consonance 27) The use of contrast within a sentence to emphasize opposing ideas is called: a) Antithesis b) Anaphora c) Ellipsis d) Hyperbaton 28) Which device is illustrated in the sentence: “I came, I saw, I conquered”? a) Chiasmus b) Epistrophe c) Anaphora d) Antithesis 29) The deliberate omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses is called: a) Polysyndeton b) Hyperbaton c) Anaphora d) Asyndeton 30) The repeated use of conjunctions between words or clauses for stylistic effect is called: a) Polysyndeton b) Asyndeton c) Ellipsis d) Chiasmus 31) The sentence “In the night sky, bright stars shone, and in the morning sky, dark clouds gathered” demonstrates: a) Chiasmus b) Parenthesis c) Anaphora d) Antithesis 32) The sentence “He was brave, fearless, and bold” shows which device by omitting repeated verbs? a) Hyperbaton b) Ellipsis c) Anaphora d) Polysyndeton 33) Omitting parts of a sentence while keeping the meaning clear, as in “She can play the violin, and he the piano”, demonstrates: a) Ellipsis b) Hyperbaton c) Anaphora d) Parenthesis 34) The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences is called: a) Epistrophe b) Anaphora c) Antithesis d) Parenthesis 35) The repetition of identical grammatical structures in successive clauses is called: a) Antithesis b) Anaphora c) Parallelism d) Hyperbaton 36) The sentence “He loves music; she, literature” illustrates which device? a) Antithesis b) Chiasmus c) Anaphora d) Ellipsis 37) “To be or not to be” demonstrates which syntactic device? a) Chiasmus b) Anaphora c) Antithesis d) Parenthesis 38) An exaggeration used for emphasis or effect is called: a) Hyperbole b) Metonymy c) Litotes d) Euphemism 39) An understated expression used to soften the impact of a statement is called: a) Hyperbole b) Litotes c) Metaphor d) Irony 40) A figure of speech in which human qualities are attributed to inanimate objects or abstract concepts is called: a) Personification b) Metonymy c) Hyperbole d) Irony 41) A descriptive word or phrase expressing quality or characteristic of a noun is called: a) Epiphora b) Epithets c) Hyperbole d) Metonymy 42) A figure of speech in which the opposite of what is meant is said is called: a) Simile b) Metaphor c) Hyperbole d) Irony 43) A phrase that substitutes a descriptive word or phrase instead of naming the thing directly is called: a) Litotes b) Euphemism c) Hyperbole d) Periphrasis 44) Using words that sound harsh, unpleasant, or discordant for stylistic effect is called: a) Euphony b) Irony c) Cacophony d) Periphrasis 45) A figure of speech in which a part represents the whole (or vice versa) is called: a) Metonymy b) Synecdoche c) Metaphor d) Hyperbole 46) A word or phrase used in place of another word to avoid repetition or for stylistic effect is called: a) Synonym b) Antonym c) Hyperbole d) Euphemism 47) A figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things without using “like” or “as” is called: a) Simile b) Metaphor c) Irony d) Litotes 48) The sentence “The crown will decide the nation’s fate” is an example of: a) Synecdoche b) Metaphor c) Metonymy d) Irony 49) Using understatement to emphasize the opposite meaning is called: a) Hyperbole b) Irony c) Euphemism d) Litotes 50) Using words to create a vivid, sensory effect is called: a) Imagery b) Euphemism c) Periphrasis d) Oxymoron 51) A sentence that combines two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction is called: a) Simple sentence b) Compound sentence c) Complex sentence d) Compound-complex sentence 52) A sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause is called: a) Simple sentence b) Compound sentence c) Complex sentence d) Compound-complex sentence 53) A sentence that contains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause is called: a) Simple sentence b) Compound sentence c) Complex sentence d) Compound-complex sentence 54) Which sentence is complex? a) I like tea b) I like tea and coffee c) I like tea because it is relaxing d) I like tea, and I also like coffee because they taste good 55) Which sentence is compound-complex? a) I went home after the meeting b) I went home, and I cooked dinner because I was hungry c) Although I was tired, I finished my homework d) He reads books 56) Which sentence is simple? a) I went to the store, and I bought some bread b) Although it rained, we went hiking c) She likes chocolate d) I called my friend, and he came over because he was free 57) Which sentence is compound? a) She runs every morning b) Because it was late, we decided to stay home c) Although he was tired, he finished his homework d) I wanted to go to the park, but it started raining 58) The sentence “I enjoy reading, and my brother enjoys painting” is: a) Simple b) Compound-complex c) Complex d) Compound 59) The sentence “Although she was tired, she continued working” is: a) Simple b) Compound c) Complex d) Compound-complex 60) The sentence “Although it rained, we went to the park, and we had a great time” is: a) Simple b) Compound c) Complex d) Compound-complex 61) Which of the following is NOT a main functional style of English? a) Scientific b) Publicistic c) Colloquial d) Phonetic 62) The style used in newspapers, journals, and magazines aimed at informing and influencing the public is called: a) Scientific b) Publicistic c) Official-business d) Literary 63) The style used in scientific texts, research papers, and reports is called: a) Literary b) Scientific c) Official-business d) Colloquial 64) The style used in fiction, novels, poems, and prose is called: a) Literary b) Publicistic c) Scientific d) Colloquial 65) The style used in everyday spoken language, casual conversations, and dialogues is called: a) Scientific b) Colloquial c) Publicistic d) Official-business 66) Which style often uses emotional vocabulary, rhetorical devices, and figurative language? a) Literary b) Official-business c) Scientific d) Colloquial 67) Which style is used in speeches, debates, and media texts to influence public opinion? a) Literary b) Publicistic c) Scientific d) Colloquial 68) Which style is characterized by accuracy, formal vocabulary, and standard grammar? a) Colloquial b) Publicistic c) Official-business d) Literary 69) Which style is most likely to use terminology, definitions, and impersonal constructions? a) Publicistic b) Colloquial c) Scientific d) Literary 70) Which style is primarily spoken and informal, often including slang and idioms? a) Colloquial b) Scientific c) Literary d) Official-business 71) Which style is used in letters, contracts, and regulations? a) Colloquial b) Official-business c) Publicistic d) Literary 72) Which style is informal, flexible, and adaptable to context, mostly spoken? a) Literary b) Scientific c) Colloquial d) Official-business 73) The style that combines emotional impact with journalistic clarity is: a) Scientific b) Colloquial c) Literary d) Publicistic 74) The author’s attitude toward the subject or audience is referred to as: a) Theme b) Tone c) Cohesion d) Genre 75) Which element refers to the message that the author wants to convey through the text? a) Thesis b) Style c) Tone d) Theme 76) The narrative perspective from which the story is told is called: a) Tone b) Point of view c) Theme d) Cohesion 77) Which of the following languages belongs to the Romance branch? a) Danish b) Dutch c) Portuguese d) German 78) Which of the following languages is Germanic? a) Catalan b) Swedish c) Romanian d) Italian 79) The Romance languages historically developed from: a) Proto-Germanic b) Old Norse c) Vulgar Latin d) Classical Greek 80) Which of the following is a West Germanic language? a) Norwegian b) Icelandic c) English d) Swedish 81) Which of the following Germanic languages uses three grammatical genders? a) English b) Dutch c) Afrikaans d) German 82) Function words (articles, prepositions, auxiliaries) are usually: a) Fully stressed b) Always stressed c) Unstressed or weak d) Tonically loaded 83) In connected speech, sentence stress helps to: a) Distinguish minimal pairs b) Reduce consonant clusters c) Highlight information structure d) Change grammatical categories 84) The stress pattern in the word economic is: a) ‘eco nomic b) eco ‘nomic c) e ‘conomic d) eco nom ‘ic 85) The primary stress in compound nouns is usually on: a) The second element b) The first element c) The suffix d) Both elements equally 86) The presence of an unstressed vowel /ə/ (schwa) in English is usually associated with: a) Primary stress b) Secondary stress c) Tonic prominence d) Unstressed syllables 87) Which of the following words contains a long vowel in RP?Which of the following words contains a long vowel in RP? a) ship b) sheep c) cat d) dog 88) The closing diphthong /aʊ/ appears in: a) house b) home c) face d) fine 89) The diphthong /aʊ/ occurs in: a) now b) face c) home d) fear 90) Tone refers to… a) The speed of speech b) The pitch movement in spoken language c) The loudness of speech d) The number of syllables in a word 91) In English, tone is mainly used to express… a) Word meaning b) Grammatical tense c) Attitude and emotion d) Phonemic distinctions 92) A rising tone usually expresses… a) Certainty b) Finality c) Doubt or question d) Anger 93) A falling tone commonly signals… a) Incompleteness b) Surprise c) Politeness d) Completion or certainty 94) Which tone often indicates the speaker’s interest or friendliness? a) High fall b) Low fall c) Fall-rise d) Low rise 95) “Yes?” said with a rising tone usually means… a) Agreement b) Polite interest c) Strong approval d) Checking 96) The vowel in cat is: a) /æ/ b) /ɑː/ c) /e/ d) /ʌ/ 97) The vowel /uː/ as in food is: a) Short back vowel b) Long back rounded vowel c) Front vowel d) Diphthong 98) Which of the following is a diphthong? a) /ɪ/ b) /eɪ/ c) /æ/ d) /ʊ/ 99) The vowel in pot (RP) is: a) /ɔː/ b) /ɑː/ c) /ɒ/ d) /ʌ/ 100) Which vowel is short and unrounded? a) /ɔː/ b) /uː/ c) /ɜː/ d) /ɪ/

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