Demography, The study of population., Birth Rate, The number of live births per 1,000 people in one year., Death Rate, The number of deaths per 1,000 people in one year., Natural Increase, When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, causing the population to grow., Natural Decrease, When the death rate is higher than the birth rate, causing the population to decline., Population Density, The average number of people living in each square kilometre., Population Density Formula, Total population ÷ total area., Demographic Transition Model (DTM), A model showing how birth rates, death rates and population change as a country develops., Nigeria, Example of a country in Stage 2 of the DTM., India, Example of a country in Stage 3 of the DTM., Ireland, Example of a country in Stage 4 of the DTM., Germany, Example of a country in Stage 5 of the DTM., Globalisation, The process by which the world becomes more interconnected through trade and the movement of people., Population Pyramid, A graph showing the age–sex structure of a population., Age–Sex Structure, The number or percentage of males and females in different age groups., Expansive Population Pyramid, A broad-based pyramid showing a young and growing population., Stationary Population Pyramid, A pyramid showing a population that is not growing significantly., Constrictive Population Pyramid, A pyramid showing an ageing and shrinking population with a low birth rate., Broad Base, Shows a large proportion of young people and usually a high birth rate., Narrow Base, Shows fewer young people and usually a low birth rate., Food Supply, Better farming and more available food can reduce famine and help population grow., War, Can increase death rates and lower birth rates as people are killed and families are separated., Education, Can lower birth rates through family planning and help lower death rates through healthier choices., Medical Technology, Medicines and other medical advances can reduce deaths and help people live longer., Vaccinations & Antibiotics, Help people survive illnesses that were once fatal, reducing death rates.

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