loudness, The strength or weakness of a sound; shouting has more loudness than whispering. 响度, 声音的强弱；叫喊比低语更响亮。, pitch, The highness or lowness of a sound on a musical scale. 抛, 音阶音阶上声音的高低。, sound wave, The movements that transfer sound through air or water. 声波, 通过空气或水传递声音的动作。, speed of sound, The speed of sound waves through the air, around 340 m/s. 声速, 声波通过空气的速度约为340米/秒。, medium, The substance that waves move through. 中等的, 波浪通过的物质。, echo, The reflection of a sound wave. 回响, 声波的反射。, effect on the sound, The changes that happen to sound. 对声音的影响, 碰巧听起来的变化。, reflected, When heat, energy or sound comes back from a surface. 反射, 当热量、能量或声音从表面返回时。, unwanted, Something that is not intended so is wasted. 不需要的, 非故意的东西被浪费了。, continental drift, The idea that the continents on Earth are slowly moving relative to one another. 大陆漂移, 地球上各大洲相对彼此缓慢移动的观点。, core, The most central part of the Earth's structure. 果心, 地球结构的最中心部分。, crust, A hard outer covering. 地壳, 坚硬的外皮。, mantle, The part of the Earth between the outer core and the crust. 衣钵, 地球的一部分，位于外核和地壳之间。, molten, In a liquid state. 熔化的, 处于液态。, magma, Liquid rock below the surface of the Earth. 岩浆, 地球表面下的液态岩石。, tectonic plates, Areas of the Earth's crust that can move relative to one another. 构造板块, 地壳可以相对移动的区域。, geological change, Changes that occur in rocks and at plate boundaries, such as volcanoes and earthquakes. 地质变化, 岩石和板块边界发生的变化，如火山和地震。, plate boundary, The places where tectonic plates meet. 板块边界, 构造板块交汇的地方。, subduction, The process of one tectonic plate sliding underneath another. 俯冲, 一个板块在另一个板块下面滑动的过程。, fold mountain, A mountain that is formed when two tectonic plates move towards each other, causing the rocks to crumple and fold upwards. 褶皱山, 当两个构造板块向彼此移动时形成的山，导致岩石褶皱并向上折叠。, lava, Liquid rock on the surface of the Earth. 熔岩, 地球表面的液态岩石。, volcano, An opening in the Earth's crust, through which lava, gases, steam and dust erupt. 火山, 地壳的一个开口，熔岩、气体、蒸汽和尘埃通过它喷发。, wasted energy, Energy that is not usefully transferred. 浪费的能量, 没有有效转移的能量。, active, Of a volcano, one that has erupted in the recent past and that may erupt again at any time. 忙碌的, 一座火山，一座最近喷发过的火山，随时可能再次喷发。, extinct, Of a volcano, one that will not erupt again. 灭绝的, 一座不会再爆发的火山。, inactive (dormant), Of a volcano, one that has not erupted for a very long time. 不活动（休眠）, 一座很久没有爆发的火山。, magnitude, The strength of an earthquake. 巨大, 地震的强度。, opaque, The property of a substance that will not allow light to pass through. 不透明的, 不允许光通过的物质的性质。, rays, The straight lines in which light travels. 射线, 光传播的直线。, shadow, An area of darkness caused by light being blocked by an opaque object. 阴影, 光线被不透明物体遮挡而造成的黑暗区域。, partial, Not complete; for example, a partial solar eclipse blocks most rays from the Sun, but not all. 部分的, 不完整；例如，日偏食阻挡了大部分来自太阳的光线，但不是全部。, solar eclipse, The shadow of the Moon on the Earth that is caused when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth. 日蚀, 月球在地球上的阴影，当月球位于太阳和地球之间时产生。, total, Of an eclipse, one that blocks all the rays from the Sun in a particular area. 全部的, 在日食中，在某一特定区域阻挡来自太阳的所有光线的日食。, lunar eclipse, The shadow of the Earth on the Moon caused when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon. 月食, 当地球位于太阳和月球之间时，地球在月球上的阴影。, backwards and forwards, To move first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, again and again. 向后和向前, 先朝一个方向移动，然后朝相反的方向移动，一次又一次。.

07-6 Earth physics

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