Estivation - long-term torpor during summer for survival of hot and dry periods, Hibernation - when an animal slows its heart rate to save energy and survive the winter without eating much, Ammonification - any chemical reaction in which amino groups are converted into ammonia or its ionic form, ammonium (NH4+), as an end product, Nitrification - the process of combining, mixing, or filling with nitrogen or one of its compounds., Global warming - Global warming is a gradual increase in the earth’s temperature generally due to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of greenhouse gases, Greenhouse effect - the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface., Imprinting - form of learning in which a very young animal fixes its attention on the first object with which it has visual, auditory, or tactile experience and thereafter follows that object, Classical condition - behavioral in which a biologically stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, Habituation - when animals are exposed to the same stimuli repeatedly, and eventually stop responding to that stimulus.an carry and sustain., Carrying capacity - maximum number of individuals of a species that the environment can carry and sustain., Independent variable - the variable that is changed, Control variable - the variables that make a test fair, Dependent variable - the variable that is measured, Control group - the group of subject that receive no treatment or a standardized treatment, Experimental group - The group in research study that receives an intervention being tested, Ten Percent Rule - only about 10 percent of energy stored as biomass in a trophic level is passed from one level to the next., Parasitism - nonmutual relationship between two organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other, Commensalim - relationship between individuals of two species in which one species obtains food or other benefits from the other without either harming or benefiting the latter., Mutualism - a type of symbiotic relationship where all species involved benefit from their interactions., Homologies - Organs with anatomical similarities, but performing different functions'.,

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