Upper epidermis: Single layer of cells on the upper surface of a leaf, Cells are thin and transparent to allow light through , Covered in a waxy waterproof cuticle which reduces water loss by evaporation, Palisade layer: A layer of cells just underneath the upper epidermis at the top of a leaf., Cells have many chloroplasts. So, lots of chlorophyll to maximize light absorption for rapid photosynthesis., Spongy layer: Layer beneath the palisade mesophyll, Circular cells with large gaps between them. The large gaps allow gases to diffuse (move) though the leaf to / from the palisade layer, Lower epidermis: A layer of cells on the lower surface of a leaf, Contains small holes, called stomata, to allow gases to move, by diffusion, into and out of the leaf., Xylem : Hollow, dead cells with strong cell walls and no end walls which form a hollow tube, Transports water from the roots to the leaves, Phloem: Cells with few-subcellular structure and pores (holes) in their end walls which form a tube, Transports sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or storage,

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