Axis tilt - The Earth is tilted at an angle (about 23.5 degrees) relative to its orbit around the Sun. This tilt causes different parts of the Earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year., Orbit - The path the Earth takes around the Sun, completing one full revolution every 365.25 days., Seasons - Periods of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) that result from the Earth's tilt and its position in its orbit around the Sun, leading to variations in temperature and daylight., Southern Hemisphere - The half of the Earth that lies south of the equator. It experiences summer when it is tilted toward the Sun and winter when it is tilted away., Northern Hemisphere - The half of the Earth that lies north of the equator. It experiences winter when it is tilted away from the Sun and summer when it is tilted toward the Sun., Solar radiation - Energy from the Sun in the form of sunlight that heats the Earth. Different hemispheres receive varying amounts of solar radiation throughout the year due to the Earth's tilt., Equinox - The two times a year, in March and September, when the Sun is directly over the equator, resulting in nearly equal daylight and darkness everywhere on Earth., Equator - The imaginary line around the middle of the Earth. The length of day and night remains consistent throughout the year, with moderate temperature variations., Solstice - The times of the year when one of the Earth's poles is tilted furthest toward or away from the Sun, marking the longest and shortest days of the year. , Direct Solar Radiation - Sunlight that strikes the Earth at a more perpendicular angle, providing more concentrated energy, which is a key factor in creating warmer temperatures, especially during summer., Spring NH - Occurs between March and May (Mar-May) as the Sun is heading northward, bringing more direct sunlight and gradually increasing temperatures., Spring SH - Occurs between September and November (Sep-Nov) as the Sun is heading southward, bringing more direct sunlight and gradually increasing temperatures., Autumn NH - Occurs between September and November (Sep-Nov) as the Sun is moving southward, reducing the amount of direct sunlight and leading to cooler temperatures., Autumn SH - Occurs between March and May (Mar-May) as the Sun is moving northward, reducing the amount of direct sunlight and leading to cooler temperatures., Summer NH - Occurs between June and August (Jun-Aug) when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, receiving more direct sunlight and longer periods of solar radiation., Summer SH - Occurs between December and February (Dec-Feb) when the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, receiving more direct sunlight and longer periods of solar radiation., Winter NH - Occurs between December and February (Dec-Feb) when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, receiving less direct sunlight and shorter periods of solar radiation., Winter SH - Occurs between June and August (Jun-Aug) when the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, receiving less direct sunlight and shorter periods of solar radiation.,

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