alliteration, words placed close together that begin with the same sound, allusion, reference to something outside of the text, analogy, two unrelated objects that are compared for their shared qualities, anaphora, repetition of the same word/phrase at the beginning of sentences/clauses, anecdote , a short, personal story, anthropomorphism, an animal or non-human object is given a human form, behaviour, or personality, antithesis, something that is the direct opposite of another idea , assonance, repetition of vowel sounds , asyndeton, a list with no conjunctions , polysyndeton, a list with multiple conjunctions, chiasmus , when words, grammar structures, or ideas are repeated in reverse order, cliche , an unoriginal idea that has been seen often before, colloquialism, the use of informal or casual words/phrases, connotation, implied meaning separate from the dictionary meaning , consonance , repeated consonant sound , denotation, literal or dictionary definition , direct address  , speaking to the audience directly, often through the use of pronoun "you", irony, difference between what is written and its intended meaning, euphemism, a word or phrased used to "soften the blow" or to avoid directly stating an unpleasant or offensive topic, metaphor, a description comparing two unlike objects, hyperbole, exaggeration, idiom, a short expression or phrase that means more than the literal meaning, imagery, description of ideas, objects, or situations (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, kinaesthetic) , in media res, a story beginning in the middle of the action, dramatic irony, when an audience knows something the character do not, juxtaposition, two contrasting ideas, often placed close together , onomatopoeia, a word that imitates the sound it represents, oxymoron, a figure of speech using contradictory terms, parallelism, similar ideas that are arranged in a balanced manner with similar structure, pathetic fallacy , the use of inanimate objects to reflect human feelings and tone, personification, giving human characteristics to an inanimate object, abstract idea, or an animal, perspective, point of view (1st, 2nd, 3rd limited, 3rd omniscient), repetition, repeating words or phrases , rhetorical question, question without an answer , hypophora, question followed by an answer, satire, the use of humor, irony, or exaggeration to expose or criticize , sibilance, words making an "s", "z" or "sh" sound, simile, a description using "like" or "as" to compare two items, symbol, image the represents an abstract idea, synecdoche, a part of an object is meant to represent the whole (or vice versa), motif, a repeated idea, theme, or image that symbolizes something , listing , connected items written one after another, ambiguity , having an unclear meaning or multiple interpretations, atmosphere, overall mood, diction, word choice, pathos, evoking emotion, logos, evoking logic or reasoning, ethos, evoking trustworthiness or credibility, syntax, sentence structure, theme, central idea or ideas of a text, exposition, introductory opening of a narrative, rising action, rise in tension and suspense leading up to the climax in a narrative , falling action, decrease in tension following the climax of a narrative, climax, the turning point or peak of tension in a narrative, resolution , the conclusion of a narrative where the conflict is resolved, allegory, abstract ideas or represented through characters, events, or settings; a symbolic meaning within a literal meaning, semantic field / lexical cluster, a group of words sharing one overall theme, double entendre, when a word/phrase has two meanings, one usually being rude, dialogue, character speech, flashback (analepsis), when a story jumps back in time before returning to the present, flashforward (prolepsis), when the narrative jumps forward in time before returning to the present, tricolon, the use of three parallel clauses/phrases/words, interrogative sentence, sentences conveying a question, imperative sentence, sentences conveying a command, exclamatory sentence, sentences conveying strong emotion and punctuated with an exclamation mark, epiphora/epistrophe, repetition of words/phrases at the ends of sentences/clauses, archetype, a character created based on a set of identifiable or specific qualities, jargon, technical language, pacing, how quickly a narrative moves, slang, informal language often used within a certain context or group, suspense , creation of tension or anxiety in the reader, situational irony, the outcome is different from what was expected, zeugma, a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different meanings/senses, zoomorphism, animal attributes are given to non-animal objects or humans, verbal irony, using words to convey a meaning different from the literal interpretation.

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