1) Minerals: a) pure natural substances (quartz, gold). b) made of minerals (granite, limestone). 2) Rocks: a) pure natural substances (quartz, gold). b) made of minerals (granite, limestone). 3) Igneous: a) from cooled lava/magma (basalt). b) from layers of sediment (sandstone). c) changed by heat + pressure (marble). 4) Sedimentary: a) changed by heat + pressure (marble). b) from layers of sediment (sandstone). c) from cooled lava/magma (basalt). 5) Metamorphic: a) from layers of sediment (sandstone). b) changed by heat + pressure (marble). c) from cooled lava/magma (basalt). 6) Shield Volcano: a) tall, steep; layers of lava + ash; pyroclastic flow. (Mount Fuji) b) wide, gentle slopes; thin lava; 95% lava, 5% ash. (Mauna Loa) c) small, steep; made of cinders, ash, and rock; large crater. (Parícutin) 7) Cinder Cone: a) small, steep; made of cinders, ash, and rock; large crater. (Parícutin) b) tall, steep; layers of lava + ash; pyroclastic flow. (Mount Fuji) c) wide, gentle slopes; thin lava; 95% lava, 5% ash. (Mauna Loa) 8) Composite (Stratovolcano) a) small, steep; made of cinders, ash, and rock; large crater. (Parícutin) b) wide, gentle slopes; thin lava; 95% lava, 5% ash. (Mauna Loa) c) tall, steep; layers of lava + ash; pyroclastic flow. (Mount Fuji) 9) Magma: a) molten rock on surface. b) molten rock inside Earth. c) hot gas, ash, rock moving fast down volcano. 10) Lava: a) molten rock on surface. b) hot gas, ash, rock moving fast down volcano. c) molten rock inside Earth. 11) Pyroclastic flow: a) molten rock inside Earth. b) molten rock on surface. c) hot gas, ash, rock moving fast down volcano. 12) Climate: a) long-term average weather. b) daily conditions. 13) Weather: a) daily conditions. b) long-term average weather. 14) Divergent: a) collide → mountains/volcanoes (Himalayas). b) move apart → new crust (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). c) slide past → earthquakes (San Andreas Fault). 15) Convergent: a) slide past → earthquakes (San Andreas Fault). b) move apart → new crust (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). c) collide → mountains/volcanoes (Himalayas). 16) Transform: a) slide past → earthquakes (San Andreas Fault). b) collide → mountains/volcanoes (Himalayas). c) move apart → new crust (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). 17) Hypocenter: a) (Focus): where quake starts inside Earth. b) point above on surface. c) tectonic plates suddenly move and release energy. 18) Epicenter: a) tectonic plates suddenly move and release energy. b) where quake starts inside Earth. c) point above on surface. 19) Cause: a) where quake starts inside Earth. b) point above on surface. c) tectonic plates suddenly move and release energy. 20) Western Cordillera a) flat, grassy, oil + gas b) oldest rock, lakes, minerals c) flat, swampy, cold d) tall mountains, valleys, glaciers 21) Interior Plains a) oldest rock, lakes, minerals b) flat, swampy, cold c) flat, grassy, oil + gas d) fertile, most populated 22) Canadian Shield a) flat, swampy, cold b) oldest rock, lakes, minerals c) fertile, most populated d) old, rounded, forested 23) Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands a) tall mountains, valleys, glaciers b) old, rounded, forested c) cold, icy, young d) flat, swampy, cold 24) Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands a) fertile, most populated b) old, rounded, forested c) tall mountains, valleys, glaciers d) oldest rock, lakes, minerals 25) Appalachian Mountains a) fertile, most populated b) oldest rock, lakes, minerals c) cold, icy, young d) old, rounded, forested 26) Innuitian Mountains a) flat, swampy, cold b) fertile, most populated c) cold, icy, young d) tall mountains, valleys, glaciers 27) All continents once joined as Pangaea. a) yes b) no 28) how do we know Pangaea is real? a) 1. Continents fit together. b) 2. Fossils match. c) 3. Mountains/rocks match. d) 4. Climate clues in wrong places. 29) layers of earth a) Cats Make Orange Ice-cream b) Cats Love To Eat Oranges Yum

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