The atmosphere is the mass of gases that surrounds the Earth., The atmosphere is made of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide., The atmosphere regulates the temperature., The atmosphere is the gaseous component of Earth., The geosphere includes all the rock and land on Earth., The geosphere has mountains, hills, valleys, and ocean floors., The biosphere includes all the living things on Earth., The hydrosphere includes all the water on Earth., The hydrosphere is made of rivers, lakes, glaciers, and underground water., The lithosphere is divided into large pieces called tectonic plates., The lithosphere is made of the Earth's crust and the top part of the mantle., The lithosphere includes de continental and oceanic crust., The crust is the rocky layer that humans, animals, and plants live on., The crust is made of solid rocks like granite., The crust is thin and cold compared to other layers., The mantle is the second layer of Earth., The mantle is made of hot fluid rock., The mantle's fluid rock moves the tectonic plates., The core is divided in two parts: a liquid outer core and a solid inner core., The core is made of iron and nickel., The core's temperature reaches the 6000 °C., The liquid metals in the core create the magnetic fields., There is high pressure in the inner core., Nobody knows the center of the earth., Geologists study the center using seismic waves., The seismic waves are produced by earthquakes., Earthquakes are produced by the tectonic plates' movement., The tectonic plates are never at a standstill., The spaces between the plates are called faults., Earthquakes happen in California, Mexico and Turkey, among other cities., There are earthquakes in Chile, Venezuela and Japan, too., Earthquakes can be soft or violent., Sometimes, we can't feel the plates shaking., During earthquakes, buildings cramble, split apart or fall., When one plate hits and goes under another, an earthquake happens., When the underwater plates move, they push water up and a tsunami happens., Tsunami waves are really high and travel very fast., Tsunamies and earthquakes can be destructive., Volcanic eruptions can cause tsunamies, too.

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