Homologous Structures, Anatomical features that have different functions but similar underlying structures due to recent shared ancestry eg. human arm, dolphin flipper, bat wing, Analogous Structures, Anatomical features that have the same function but very different underlying structures because they do NOT share recent common ancestry eg. bird wings and insect wings, Comparative Anatomy, The higher the number of shared anatomical features the more recently two species diverged from a common ancestor., Vestigial Structures, Anatomical features that are no longer used but reveal shared ancestry with another species eg. whale pelvis bone, Embryo Similarities, Shared anatomical features between embryos reveal what traits their ancestor may have had eg. all vertebrate animal embryos have gills, Fossil Record, Change in species over time preserved in rocks, Radiometric Dating, Method for finding the age of a fossil using the steady rate of decay of radioactive isotopes eg. Carbon dating, Transitional Fossils, Fossil specimens that show the steps of change between an ancestor species and the modern day species eg. horse hooves, DNA Similarity, The higher the percentage of similar base pairs shared between two living species the more recently they diverged from each other eg. humans and chimpanzees have 99.9% similar DNA, Biogeography, Species found in the same geographic location are more likely to have shared a recent common ancestor EXCEPT for when continents have drifted apart, Molecular Clock, Steady known rate of mutation in some genes can be used to estimate how long ago two living species last shared a common ancestor eg. mitochondrial DNA.

Evolution Evidence

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