phoneme grapheme correspondence - the essence of phonics, understanding that a written symbol or letter represents a sound, group 1 of phoneme-grapheme S & S - consonant sounds, group 2 of phoneme-grapheme S & S - short vowel sounds, group 3 of phoneme-grapheme S & S - blend short vowels with consonants, group 4 of phoneme-grapheme S & S - long vowel sounds, group 5 of phoneme-grapheme S & S - blend long vowels with consonants, group 6 of phoneme-grapheme S & S - consonant blends, group 7 of phoneme-grapheme S & S - vowel combinations, group 8 of phoneme-grapheme S & S - R-controlled, group 9 of phoneme-grapheme S & S - silent letters, explicit phonics instruction - teach students how to connect graphemes with phonemes, systematic phonics instruction - use a logical S &S that is developmentally appropriate to teach major letters and sounds, recursive phonics instruction - lessons building on previously taught, using prior knowledge to learn more complex skills, decoding - sounding out words while reading, encoding - hearing a word and spelling it based on sounds and phonics, fluency - moving through text accurately without having to stop and decode, comprehension - reading fluently with understanding of the text by visualizing, predicting, and asking questions, digraphs - th, sh, ch, wh, ph, ng, gh, ck, trigraphs - tch, dge, dipthongs - ai, oi, ou, oy, doublets - ff, ll, ss, zz, schwa - vowel that is unstressed, not making short or long sound, morphology-structural analysis - study of word parts and their meanings (compound, root, prefix, suffix), etymology - study of origin or words and how they have changed over time (Latin and Greek), free morphemes - close from closely, bound morphemes - ly from closely, cueing systems - allows students to use background knowledge and apply understanding to words, semantic cues - meaning in language that assists in comprehending texts, including words, speech, signs, symbols, syntactic cues - involving the structure of the word as in the rules and patters of language (grammar) and punctuation, graphophonic cues - involving the letter-sound or sound-symbol relationships, also known as decoding,

Phonics and Decoding

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