What is heat? - Heat is a form of energy that makes things warm or hot., What is temperature? - Temperature measures how hot or cold an object is., What is the SI unit of temperature? - Kelvin (K)., What is the common unit of temperature? - Degree Celsius (°C)., What is the SI unit of heat? - Joule (J)., Which instrument measures temperature? - Thermometer., What is the normal human body temperature? - 37°C or 98.6°F., What is a clinical thermometer used for? - Measuring human body temperature., What is the range of a clinical thermometer? - 35°C to 42°C., Why does a clinical thermometer have a kink? - To prevent mercury from falling back quickly., Why is the kink important? - It helps in reading the temperature after removing the thermometer from the mouth., Does a laboratory thermometer have a kink? - No., What is the range of a laboratory thermometer? - –10°C to 110°C., Why can’t a clinical thermometer be dipped in hot water? - It may break due to rapid expansion of mercury., What is a minimum–maximum thermometer? - A thermometer that shows both the lowest and highest temperature of a day., What are the three modes of heat transfer? - Conduction, convection, radiation., Through which substances does conduction occur? - Solids., Give one example of conduction. - A metal spoon getting hot in boiling water., What is convection? - Transfer of heat in liquids and gases by the movement of particles., Give one example of convection. - Warm air rising in a room., What is radiation? - Transfer of heat without any medium., Give one example of radiation. - Heat from the Sun reaching Earth., Why does hot air rise? - Because it becomes lighter (less dense)., What are convection currents? - Circular movements of warm and cool fluids., What are conductors? - Materials that allow heat to pass through easily., Give two examples of conductors. - Copper, aluminium., What are insulators? - Materials that do not allow heat to pass through easily., Give two examples of insulators. - Wood, plastic., Why are cooking pots made of metal? - Because metals conduct heat well., Why do utensil handles have wooden or plastic grips? - Because wood and plastic are insulators., Which colour absorbs the most heat? - Black., Which colour reflects the most heat? - White or shiny surfaces., Why do we wear light-coloured clothes in summer? - They reflect heat and keep us cool., Why do we wear dark clothes in winter? - They absorb more heat., Why are cooking utensils shiny outside? - To reduce heat loss by radiation., Why does a metal table feel colder than a wooden table at the same temperature? - Metal conducts heat faster from our hand., Why are woollen clothes warm? - Wool traps air, which acts as an insulator., Why does a hot cup of tea cool faster in a metal cup than a plastic one? - Metals conduct heat faster., Why is water heated faster at the bottom of a vessel? - Hot water rises due to convection., Why do we get sea breeze during the day? - Cool air from the sea moves toward the land., Why do we get land breeze at night? - Cool air from the land moves toward the sea., Formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit? - F = (9/5 × C) + 32, Formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius? - C = 5/9 × (F – 32), Convert 0°C to Fahrenheit. - 32°F., Convert 100°C to Fahrenheit. - 212°F., Convert 50°C to Fahrenheit. - 122°F., Convert 98.6°F to Celsius. - 37°C., Convert 68°F to Celsius. - 20°C., Why should a thermometer be read at eye level? - To avoid parallax error., Why should mercury not be used if a thermometer breaks? - It is poisonous and must be handled carefully.,

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