Middle Passage, The sea voyage that transported enslaved Africans from West Africa to the Americas; conditions were extremely crowded and brutal, causing high mortality and trauma., Transatlantic Slave Trade, The large-scale, systematic forced movement of millions of African people across the Atlantic Ocean to be enslaved in the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries., Enslavement, The process or condition of being forced into slavery; losing personal freedom and being controlled by another person or system., Abolition, The movement and legal process aimed at ending slavery and the slave trade; includes activists, laws, and political efforts to outlaw slavery., Emancipation, The formal freeing of enslaved people, often by law or proclamation (for example, emancipation orders or acts)., Indentured Servitude, A labor system where a person works for a set number of years in exchange for passage, room, and board; distinct from slavery because it is time-limited and contractual, though conditions could be harsh., Middlemen, Individuals or groups who acted as intermediaries in the slave trade—capturing, buying, or selling enslaved people between local African societies and European traders., Auction, A public sale where enslaved people were forced to be sold to the highest bidder; a central mechanism in slave markets., Plantation Economy, An agricultural system in the Americas based on large farms (plantations) that produced cash crops (such as sugar, tobacco, cotton) using enslaved labor., Racialization, The process by which people are categorized and treated as distinct races, often used historically to justify unequal treatment and the institution of slavery., Slave Codes, Laws enacted in slaveholding societies that defined the status of enslaved people and the rights of owners; these codes restricted movement, behavior, and legal protections for the enslaved., Diaspora, The widespread dispersion of a people from their original homeland; in this context, the African Diaspora refers to African-descended communities across the Americas and elsewhere resulting from the slave trade., Resistance, Actions taken by enslaved people to oppose slavery, ranging from everyday acts of defiance and cultural preservation to escapes, rebellions, and organized uprisings., Mercantilism, Economic system driving colonies to enrich the mother country, Triangular Trade, A three-part system: Europe to Africa (goods), Africa to Americas (slaves), Americas to Europe (raw materials).

Slave Trade

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