the way in which a civilization of people divides itself into different roles, responsibilities, and privileges, 1. social classes, members of the upper class of ancient Indian society: priests, teachers, judges, and scholars, 2. Brahmans, members of the army, warriors, and rulers, 3. Kshatriyas, commoners including farmers, merchants and artisans, 4. Vaisyas, unskilled workers, 5. Sundras, lowest social class of ancient Indian society; “Untouchables”, 6. Pariahs, the oldest religion in the world and the main religion of India; includes the worship of many gods and the belief that after a person dies he/she is reincarnated, 7. Hinduism, books of knowledge in the Hindu religion, 8. Vedas, tribal leader or chief, 9. Raja, a fortress sitting on top of a hill, 10. citadel, concept that a soul is reborn after death, 11. reincarnation, Buddhist teaching about the way to achieve nirvana, when the soul will no longer be reincarnated to earthly suffering., 12. eightfold path, built houses with baths, toilets, running water, drains, and a center courtyard, 13. Harappa Civilization, traded all over the world through land and sea routes that connected Arabia, China, and Rome, 14. Gupta Empire, worship in the Hindu religion that includes rituals and chants, 15. upasana, the act of living a life of selflessness, respect, and good conduct, 16. dharma

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