Representation, A car dealer tells a customer on 1 March that a car is a 2010 model. The customer signs the contract on 15 April, and the contract does not mention the car’s age. The car is actually a 2008 model., A private seller tells a buyer that their car is a 2015 model. The car is actually a 2013 model, but the seller had no idea and relied on falsified documents., During negotiations, a seller of a flat tells the buyer it has “no damp issues.” The contract is signed a month later with no mention of damp. Later, damp is discovered., A car dealer advertises: “This is the best car in town!” and a buyer relies on this claim., Term, A buyer asks a wine seller whether a particular batch of wine is organic. The seller confirms it is, and the buyer buys a large quantity, stating that they wouldn’t have bought it otherwise. Later it turns out the wine is not organic., A real estate agent shows a couple a house and says it is “exactly like the show home.” The final written contract makes no mention of this assurance. Later, defects are found that were not visible in the show home., A specialist car dealer tells a buyer that a car has done 50,000 miles. The buyer relies on this, and the car turns out to have done 80,000 miles., A baker tells a customer that a cake contains “no nuts.” The customer is allergic and relies on this assurance. Later it turns out there were traces of nuts.

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