The semantic process in which a word acquires a more positive meaning is…, Pejoration, Specialization, Amelioration, Generalization, A word that is no longer used in the language but understood historically is…, obsolete, archaic, nonce word, barbarism, When a word shifts from a concrete meaning to an abstract one, it undergoes…, metaphorization, metonymization, reduction, specialization, The antonymic pair “buy—sell” is an example of…, gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms, converse antonyms, lexical opposites, Which phenomenon refers to one form having multiple unrelated, Homophony, Diachronic homonymy, Polysemy, Morphophonemics, Words that belong to the same semantic domain (e.g., “doctor, nurse, patient”) represent…, collocations, lexical diffusion, paradigmatic contrast, semantic field, Productivity in word formation refers to…, the frequency of a word’s use, the ability of a pattern to form new words, the number of syllables in a word, the semantic transparency of compounds, “Telephone → phone” is an example of…, clipping, conversion, affixation, metonymy, Which term refers to a semantic change caused by taboo avoidance?, euphemism, dysphemism, semantic bleaching, metaphorization, Which type of synonymy shows minimal difference in meaning and is interchangeable only, absolute synonymy, cognitive synonymy, partial synonymy, referential synonymy, When a word loses its semantic contrast with a near-synonym(starve vs die historically), semantic narrowing, semantic neutralization, semantic mitigation, semantic leveling, When a child uses “dog” to refer to all animals, it is an example of…, overgeneralization, semantic drift, lexical expansion, hypernymization, A dictionary that records words from earliest to latest attested uses is…, synchronic, diachronic, parallel, onomasiological, Which of the following is typical of learner’s dictionaries(OALD,Longman,Macmillan)?, alphabetical examples, phonosemantic etymologies, controlled defining vocabulary, no usage labels, A synchronic dictionary describes language…, across time periods, through comparisons, at one point in time, only in spoken form, A phrasal dictionary primarily describes…, minimal pairs, slang usage, archaic words, idioms and set expressions, A dictionary that attempts to record all words of a language is…, encyclopedic dictionary, comprehensive dictionary, learner’s dictionary, thematic dictionary, A dictionary that organizes words by concepts rather than alphabetically is a…, ideographic dictionary, reverse dictionary, pronouncing dictionary, glossarial dictionary, Lexical semantics primarily studies…, sound patterns of words, meanings of words and sense relations, sentence structure, speech production, The phenomenon of a single word having multiple related meanings is…, homonymy, ambiguity, synonymy, polysemy, Semantic narrowing means…, a broadening of meaning, a shift to a negative meaning, a reduction in meaning scope, a shift from concrete to abstract, Which of the following is a case of amelioration?, Knight changing from “servant” to “noble warrior”, Silly changing from “happy” to “foolish”, Deer changing from “any animal” to “specific species”, Girl originally meaning “young person of either sex”, In lexical semantics, meronymy refers to…, part–whole relations, opposite meanings, same spelling but different meanings, causal relations, “Vehicle → car, bus, train” illustrates…, polysemy, componential analysis, metaphor, hyponymy, When a word shifts its meaning through similarity(foot of the mountain)the process is…, metonymy, metaphor, ellipsis, lexical contamination, Antonyms like buy/sell are…, gradable, complementary, relational, converse, Prototype theory claims that word categories…, have strict boundaries, consist of equal members, have central and peripheral examples, are defined by metalanguage, In lexical semantics, ambiguity occurs when…, two senses merge, one form has multiple interpretations, meaning weakens over time, synonyms become identical, The meaning that remains constant across all contexts is…, referential meaning, connotative meaning, denotative meaning, pragmatic meaning, A hypernym is…, a word denoting a general category, a word denoting a specific member, a word with the opposite meaning, a word used metaphorically, Which semantic relation is illustrated by “hand → finger”?, Synonymy, Meronymy, Hyponymy, Polysemy, The meaning that arises from cultural and emotional associations is called…, Denotation, Prototype, Semantic prime, Connotation, Words like “kick the bucket” are examples of…, Metonymy, Idiomatic polysemy, Homonymy, Euphemism, Metonymy differs from metaphor in that it is based on…, similarity, rhyme, contiguity, frequency, The process of a word losing its specificity and becoming more general is called…, Narrowing, Pejoration, Amelioration, Broadening, “Silly” originally meant “happy, blessed” but now means “foolish.” This is…, Broadening, Narrowing, Pejoration, Amelioration, Prototype theory claims that…, all category members are equal, some members are more central than others, all words have equal frequency, hypernyms have no prototypes, A semantic field is…, A collection of words related by meaning, A syntactic pattern, A phonological pattern, A historical dictionary, The smallest meaningful unit of a word is called…, Morpheme, Phoneme, Lexeme, Grapheme, A free morpheme…, Cannot stand alone, Can function as a word independently, Always requires a prefix, Exists only in compound words, Which of the following is a derivational suffix?, -s (plural), -ed (past tense), -ness (as in happiness), -ing (progressive), Inflectional morphemes…, Change the grammatical form of a word, Create a new word, Always appear at the beginning of a word, Are only prefixes, The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word (ad from advertisement)is…, Reduplication, Blending, Conversion, Clipping, Conversion (zero derivation) means…, Adding a prefix to form a new word, Changing the word class without changing the form, Creating a compound word, Using a foreign morpheme, “Modernize” is formed using…, Prefix + root, Infix, Root + suffix, Clipping, Which of these is a compound word?, Quickly, Happiness, Bookstore, Unlikely, Back-formation differs from clipping in that…, It shortens a word, It creates a new word of a different class, It always uses a prefix, It always forms an adjective, The process of forming a noun from a verb using-ment (develop → development) is…, Derivation, Inflection, Conversion, Compounding, A morpheme that only contributes grammatical meaning, not lexical meaning, is…, Free morpheme, Bound root, Inflectional morpheme, Derivational morpheme, The word “meat” originally meant “food in general”, but now it specifically means “animal flesh”.This is an example of:, Amelioration, Narrowing, Broadening, Metaphor, If a word develops a more negative meaning over time, this process is called:, Pejoration, Amelioration, Narrowing, Broadening, The word “broadcast” originally meant “to scatter seeds”,but now means “to transmit a program”.This is an example of:, Metaphor, Narrowing, Pejoration, Amelioration, The word “villain” originally meant a farm laborer but later acquired the meaning “wicked person”. This change is:, Amelioration, Metaphor, Broadening, Pejoration, The word “head” in phrases like “head of department” is an example of:, Metaphor, Metonymy, Narrowing, Amelioration, When a word like “holiday” originally meant holy day but now means any day of leisure, the process is:, Metaphor, Metonymy, Broadening, Pejoration, Which type of semantic change involves avoidance of taboo words?, Euphemism, Pejoration, Amelioration, Weakening, Words within a semantic field:, Are always synonyms, Are always antonyms, Must have the same grammatical category, Share a common conceptual domain, Semantic fields are useful for understanding:, Only word formation, Phonological patterns, Syntax rules, Conceptual relations among vocabulary, Which of the following statements about semantic fields is true?, All words in a field are synonyms, Words in a field can share general meaning but differ in specificity, Semantic fields always belong to the same grammatical category, Words in a semantic field always rhyme, Phraseological units often:, Can be translated word-for-word into any language, Are always idioms, Have a figurative meaning different from the literal meaning, Are always nouns, Identify the non-idiomatic expression:, Piece of cake, Cold as ice, Open the window, Hit the sack, The expression “let the cat out of the bag” is an example of:, Collocation, Idiom, Proverb, Compound word, The phrase “to hit the sack” means:, To fight, To sleep, To cook, To travel, Which of the following is a proverb expressing general truth or moral advice?, A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush, Hit the nail on the head, Break the ice, Piece of cake, The phraseological unit “by the book” means:, Following the rules exactly, Reading a book, Writing notes, Acting carelessly, Which of the following words is a loanword from French?, Government, Sky, Tree, Cuisine, A word like “television”, formed from Greek tele (far) and Latin vision (sight), is an example of:, Pure Greek word, Semantic change, Loanword, Hybrid word, The English word “school” comes from:, Latin schola, Greek schola, Old English sceolu, French école, A loan translation (calque) is:, A word borrowed with its form intact, A phrase or word translated literally from another language, A word that changes meaning, A neologism, English words of Scandinavian origin mainly entered the language during:, Norman Conquest, Renaissance, Viking invasions, Industrial Revolution, The word “quarantine” originates from the Italian quaranta giorni, meaning:, Forty days, Forty nights, Forty ships, Forty people, English words of French origin increased significantly after:, The Viking invasions, The Norman Conquest, The Industrial Revolution, The Renaissance, Which of the following is a false cognate (words that look similar but have different meanings)?, Actual (Eng.) – aktuell (Ger.), Mother – Mutter, Night – Nacht, Water – Wasser, The English word “bachelor” comes from Latin baccalarius, meaning:, Young man / novice, Single man, Knight, Scholar, The process of forming new words by shortening and combining parts of words is called:, Blending, Compounding, Affixation, Conversion, Which branch of phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced by the human vocal apparatus?, Acoustic phonetics, Auditory phonetics, Articulatory phonetics, Phonology, Which branch of phonetics deals with the perception of sounds by the ear and brain?, Articulatory phonetics, Acoustic phonetics, Auditory phonetics, Phonology, The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning in a language is called:, Morpheme, Syllable, Grapheme, Phoneme, Which of the following is a voiceless consonant?, /b/, /g/, /d/, /p/, Which of the following is a voiced consonant?, /s/, /t/, /b/, /f/, Which of the following is a bilabial consonant?, /p/, /t/, /k/, /s/, Which of the following is a palatal consonant in English?, /m/, /p/, /k/, /ʃ/, Which of the following words has primary stress on the second syllable?, Teacher, Begin, Happy, Table, Minimal pairs are used in phonetics to:, Identify morphemes, Teach spelling, Teach vocabulary, Identify phonemes, The consonant /θ/ as in “think” is:, Voiced dental fricative, Voiceless dental fricative, Voiced alveolar stop, Voiceless bilabial stop, Which of the following is an example of assimilation?, Input, Book, Table, Happy, Which of the following terms refers to the study of speech rhythm, stress, and intonation?, Segmental phonetics, Articulatory phonetics, Acoustic phonetics, Suprasegmental phonetics, The difference between phonetics and phonology is that:, Phonetics studies abstract sound systems; phonology studies speech organs, Phonetics studies speech sounds; phonology studies sound systems and their function, Phonetics studies meaning; phonology studies grammar, Phonetics studies spelling; phonology studies pronunciation, Which of the following is a glottal consonant?, /h/, /k/, /t/, /m/, The consonant /tʃ/ as in “church” is classified as:, Voiced postalveolar affricate, Voiceless postalveolar affricate, Voiced alveolar stop, Voiceless velar stop, In English, vowel reduction usually occurs in:, Stressed syllables, Unstressed syllables, Sentence-final words, Proper nouns, The consonants /p, t, k/ are called:, Stops, Fricatives, Affricates, Nasals, The consonants /f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ/ are classified as:, Stops, Fricatives, Nasals, Approximants, The difference between /p/ and /b/ in English is:, Place of articulation, Manner of articulation, Voicing, Length, Which of the following is a velar consonant?, /k/, /t/, /f/, /m/, Which of the following words contains a schwa /ə/?, About, Cat, See, Run, Which of the following is an example of elision in English connected speech?, Happy, Cat, Dog, Next day, The difference between the consonants /s/ and /ʃ/ is:, Place of articulation, Manner of articulation, Voicing, Nasality, Which pair shows vowel length distinction in Received Pronunciation (RP)?, Book /ʊ/ vs look /ʊ/, Cat /æ/ vs dog /ɒ/, Ship /ɪ/ vs sheep /iː/, Run /ʌ/ vs sun /ʌ/, Quantitative methods in lexicology often involve:, Semantic analysis only, Studying word origins, Counting word frequency and distribution, Phonetic transcription

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