Harry Potter was written by J. K. Rowling., The doer is important, The winning goal was scored by the goalkeeper., The doer is unusual or surprising, The mural was actually painted by local artists., The doer adds useful new information, The mistake was made by the system, not the class., We need to be clear who did the action, The village was damaged by flooding., We want to explain the cause

Using 'by' in passive structures

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