Charles Darwin, Proposed evidence to support the Theory of Natural Selection, Evolution, A change in allele frequency in a population over time, Aristotle, Viewed species as fixed and never changing, Carolus Linnaeus, Developed classification systems and binomial nomenclature, Fossils, Remains or traces of organisms from the past found in sedimentary rock, Paleontology, The study of fossils, Georges Cuvier, Speculated that each boundary in strata represents a catastrophic event, James Hutton, Proposed that the Earth is millions of years old, Charles Lyell, Proposed that changes on earth result in slow continuous changes to species, Lamarck, Hypothesized that species evolve through the inheritance of acquired characteristics, Adaptation, A feature that is favored by natural selection and helps an organism survive and reproduce, Natural Selection, A process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, Alfred Russell Wallace, Developed a theory of Natural Selection similar to Darwin's, Artificial Selection, A process in which humans selectively breed organisms to get desired traits, Thomas Malthus, An economist that wrote about the struggle for existence in the human population, Homologous structures, Anatomical features in different species that share similar underlying structure and evolutionary origin (common ancestry), Vestigial structures, Structures that have become reduced in size or function but once served important functions in ancestors, Convergent evolution, The evolution of similar looking structures due to similar environmental pressure and not common ancestry, Analogous structures, Anatomical features in different species that look the same due to Convergent evolution, Biogeography, The geographic distribution of species, Endemic, Species that are only found in one place in the world, Cosmopolitan, Species that are widely distributed across the globe.

Unit 7.1: Understanding Evolution

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