Properties, the characteristics or things that make a substance unique., Geologist, a scientist who studies rocks., Minerals, tiny grains or crystals that are the building blocks of rocks., Lustre, the shininess of a mineral., Streak, the colour of powdered or crushed mineral, Hardness, how easily a mineral can be scratched; measured using the Mohs hardness scale., Cleavage, the way a mineral tends to break along particularly smooth planes., Greenhouse Gas, a gas (carbon dioxide, water vapour, methane) in the atmostphere that can absorb heat., Igneous rock, rock formed by cooling magma and larva., Magma, semiliquid rock beneath the Earth's surface., Lava, hot, molten rock that comes to the surface of the Earth in a volcanic eruption., Intrusive igneous rock, rock formed underground by slowly cooling magma., Extrusive igneous rock, rock formed at the Earth's surface by quickly cooling lava., Sedimentary rock, rock formed from compacted mud, sand, or pebbles, or the remains of living things., Metamorphic rock, rock formed from other rock due to the intense heat and pressure., Foliation, layering in a rock that occurs when the rock is subjected to uneven pressure., Index mineral, a mineral that only forms at a particular temperature and pressure; used to determine the history of the rock that contains the mineral., Rock cycle, the process of formation and destruction of different rock types., Onion-skin weathering, weathering of rock where the outside of the rock peel off., Tor, a large, round rock produced by onion-skin weathering., Frost shattering, a process of weathering in which repeated freezing and melting of water expands cracks in rocks, so that eventually part of the rock splits off., Seismic geophysical testing, the collecting of geophysical data such as differences in magnetic fields and gravity fields between different geological locations., Magnetometer, a device that detects the difference in magnetic field between one location and the next., Electromagnetic, relating to the physical interaction between moving charged particles and the magnetic field that is created as a result., Gravimeter, a device that measure the difference in gravity between one location and the next.
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