18th Amendment, Constitutional amendment ratified in 1919 that banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States, beginning the era of Prohibition., Dollar Diplomacy, A U.S. foreign policy in the 1920s that used American loans and financial influence to control or influence other countries, especially in Latin America, often backed by military force if debts were not repaid., Immigration Acts of 1921 & 1924, Laws passed by Congress that sharply limited immigration by setting quotas based on nationality, favoring northern and western Europeans and restricting southern, eastern European, and Asian immigrants., Scopes Trial (1925), A famous court case in Tennessee where a high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was tried for teaching evolution, highlighting the conflict between modern science and religious fundamentalism., Harlem Renaissance, A cultural movement in the 1920s centered in Harlem, New York, where African American writers, artists, and musicians celebrated Black culture, creativity, and identity., Marcus Garvey & the UNIA, Marcus Garvey was a Black nationalist leader who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which promoted Black pride, economic independence, and a return to Africa., Pan-Africanism, A movement that encouraged unity and cooperation among people of African descent worldwide, emphasizing shared history, culture, and political goals., Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930), A law that raised tariffs on imported goods to protect American industries, but instead reduced international trade and worsened the Great Depression.

Chapter 22 key terms

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