Ad Hominem, Attacking the person instead of addressing the argument., Straw Man, Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack., False Dilemma (False Dichotomy), Presenting only two options when more exist., Slippery Slope, Claiming that one small step will inevitably lead to extreme consequences., Appeal to Authority, Arguing that something is true just because an authority says so., Appeal to Popularity (Bandwagon), Claiming something is true or good because many people believe it., Appeal to Emotion, Using emotions instead of logic to persuade., Hasty Generalization, Drawing a general conclusion from too little evidence., Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc (False Cause), Assuming that because one thing happened after another, it was caused by it., Red Herring, Introducing irrelevant information to distract from the issue., Circular Reasoning (Begging the Question), The conclusion is already assumed in the premise., False Analogy, Comparing two things that are not sufficiently similar., Tu Quoque (You Too), Dismissing criticism by accusing the other person of the same behavior., Appeal to Fear, Persuading by threatening negative consequences., Loaded Question, Asking a question that assumes something controversial is already true., No True Scotsman, Redefining a group to dismiss counterexamples., Oversimplification, Reducing a complex issue to a single cause or solution., Appeal to Tradition, Arguing something is right because it has always been done that way., Composition, Assuming that what is true of individual parts must also be true of the whole., Division, Assuming what is true of the whole must be true of each part.

FALLACIES - Definitions

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